fix: reduce status flapping, add IPv6 ping, color manual web services

Addresses three reports from issue #196:

- Ping now sends 2 probes with a ~2s timeout (was 1 probe / 1s) so a
  single dropped packet or a slow IoT/ESPHome device no longer flaps a
  node offline (#196.1, #196.2).
- IPv6-only devices (e.g. Alexa) are now pinged over IPv6: ping6 on
  macOS, -6 flag on Linux/Windows, detected via inet_pton (#196.3).
- Manually-added services carry no category and so always rendered grey
  even when they were reachable HTTP/HTTPS. A resolvable web URL now
  falls back to the web colour (#196.9).

ha-relevant: yes

backend/app/services/status_checker.py

@@ -64,17 +64,35 @@ async def check_node(check_method: str, target: str | None, ip: str | None) -> d
         return {"status": "offline", "response_time_ms": None}
 
 
+def _is_ipv6(host: str) -> bool:
+    """True if host is a literal IPv6 address (bracketed or bare)."""
+    try:
+        socket.inet_pton(socket.AF_INET6, host.strip("[]"))
+        return True
+    except OSError:
+        return False
+
+
 async def _ping(host: str) -> bool:
-    # ping(8) -W flag units differ by OS:
-    #   Linux:   seconds        (-W 1   = 1s)
-    #   macOS:   milliseconds   (-W 1   = 1ms — fails for any RTT >1ms)
-    #   Windows: -w in ms       (-w 1000 = 1s)
+    # Send 2 probes with a ~2s timeout so a single dropped packet or a slow
+    # device (ESPHome, IoT) doesn't flap a node offline. Success = any reply.
+    #
+    # -W flag units differ by OS:
+    #   Linux:   seconds        (-W 2   = 2s)
+    #   macOS:   milliseconds   (-W 2000 = 2s)
+    #   Windows: -w in ms       (-w 2000 = 2s)
+    #
+    # IPv6-only hosts (e.g. Alexa) never answer IPv4 ping, so target the right
+    # stack: macOS ships a separate ping6; Linux/Windows take a -6 flag.
+    ipv6 = _is_ipv6(host)
     if sys.platform == "win32":
-        args = ["ping", "-n", "1", "-w", "1000", host]
+        family = ["-6"] if ipv6 else ["-4"]
+        args = ["ping", *family, "-n", "2", "-w", "2000", host]
     elif sys.platform == "darwin":
-        args = ["ping", "-c", "1", "-W", "1000", host]
+        args = ["ping6", "-c", "2", host] if ipv6 else ["ping", "-c", "2", "-W", "2000", host]
     else:
-        args = ["ping", "-c", "1", "-W", "1", host]
+        family = ["-6"] if ipv6 else []
+        args = ["ping", *family, "-c", "2", "-W", "2", host]
     proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
         *args,
         stdout=asyncio.subprocess.DEVNULL,

backend/tests/test_status_checker.py

@@ -169,9 +169,14 @@ async def test_ping_uses_unix_args_on_non_windows():
     assert "-c" in captured["args"]
     assert "-W" in captured["args"]
     assert "-n" not in captured["args"]
-    # Linux: -W is in seconds; 1s is the intended timeout
+    # 2 probes so a single dropped packet doesn't flap the node offline
+    c_idx = captured["args"].index("-c")
+    assert captured["args"][c_idx + 1] == "2"
+    # Linux: -W is in seconds; 2s is the intended timeout
     w_idx = captured["args"].index("-W")
-    assert captured["args"][w_idx + 1] == "1"
+    assert captured["args"][w_idx + 1] == "2"
+    # IPv4 target → no -6 flag
+    assert "-6" not in captured["args"]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -193,7 +198,7 @@ async def test_ping_uses_macos_millisecond_timeout():
     assert "-c" in captured["args"]
     assert "-W" in captured["args"]
     w_idx = captured["args"].index("-W")
-    assert captured["args"][w_idx + 1] == "1000"
+    assert captured["args"][w_idx + 1] == "2000"
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
@@ -216,6 +221,75 @@ async def test_ping_uses_windows_args_on_win32():
     assert "-c" not in captured["args"]
 
 
+# --- _ping IPv6 support ---
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_ping_ipv6_linux_uses_dash6():
+    """IPv6-only devices (e.g. Alexa) need ping -6 on Linux."""
+    captured = {}
+
+    async def fake_exec(*args, **kwargs):
+        captured["args"] = args
+        proc = MagicMock()
+        proc.returncode = 0
+        proc.wait = AsyncMock()
+        return proc
+
+    with patch("app.services.status_checker.sys.platform", "linux"), \
+         patch("asyncio.create_subprocess_exec", side_effect=fake_exec):
+        await _ping("fe80::1")
+
+    assert "-6" in captured["args"]
+    assert captured["args"][-1] == "fe80::1"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_ping_ipv6_macos_uses_ping6():
+    """macOS ships a separate ping6 binary for IPv6 targets."""
+    captured = {}
+
+    async def fake_exec(*args, **kwargs):
+        captured["args"] = args
+        proc = MagicMock()
+        proc.returncode = 0
+        proc.wait = AsyncMock()
+        return proc
+
+    with patch("app.services.status_checker.sys.platform", "darwin"), \
+         patch("asyncio.create_subprocess_exec", side_effect=fake_exec):
+        await _ping("2001:db8::1")
+
+    assert captured["args"][0] == "ping6"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_ping_ipv6_windows_uses_dash6():
+    captured = {}
+
+    async def fake_exec(*args, **kwargs):
+        captured["args"] = args
+        proc = MagicMock()
+        proc.returncode = 0
+        proc.wait = AsyncMock()
+        return proc
+
+    with patch("app.services.status_checker.sys.platform", "win32"), \
+         patch("asyncio.create_subprocess_exec", side_effect=fake_exec):
+        await _ping("2001:db8::1")
+
+    assert "-6" in captured["args"]
+
+
+def test_is_ipv6_detection():
+    from app.services.status_checker import _is_ipv6
+
+    assert _is_ipv6("fe80::1") is True
+    assert _is_ipv6("2001:db8::1") is True
+    assert _is_ipv6("[2001:db8::1]") is True
+    assert _is_ipv6("192.168.1.1") is False
+    assert _is_ipv6("example.local") is False
+
+
 # --- check_node target validation ---
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio