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<strong>Skill<span>Opt</span></strong>
<span class="spacer"></span>
<a class="optional" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23904">Paper</a>
<a class="optional" href="https://microsoft.github.io/SkillOpt/blog/">Blog</a>
<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt">GitHub</a>
</header>
<div class="layout">
<nav aria-label="Guide sections">
<strong>Start here</strong>
<a href="#overview">Overview</a>
<a href="#choose">Choose a workflow</a>
<a href="#install">Install</a>
<a href="#credentials">Credentials</a>
<strong>Research engine</strong>
<a href="#research">First experiment</a>
<a href="#backends">Model backends</a>
<a href="#research-docs">Reference map</a>
<strong>SkillOpt-Sleep</strong>
<a href="#sleep">Safe first run</a>
<a href="#sleep-plugins">Agent integrations</a>
<a href="#sleep-replay">Advanced controls</a>
<a href="#safety">Data and safety</a>
<strong>Project</strong>
<a href="#contributing">Contributing</a>
</nav>
<main>
<span class="eyebrow">Microsoft Research · documentation hub</span>
<h1>SkillOpt Documentation &amp; Reproduction Guide</h1>
<p class="lead">Improve frozen agents by optimizing the Markdown skills that guide them—using reflective updates and held-out validation instead of weight training.</p>
<div class="notice">
<strong>How this guide stays accurate</strong>
This page is a stable, concise entry point. Detailed commands, defaults,
and APIs live in the versioned
<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/index.md">Markdown documentation</a>
beside the code. For exact behavior in a checkout, the command's
<code>--help</code>, the selected YAML config, and the code are authoritative.
</div>
<section id="overview">
<h2>Overview</h2>
<p><strong>SkillOpt</strong> treats a natural-language skill document as the
trainable state of an agent. A target model executes tasks, an optimizer
reflects on the resulting trajectories, bounded edits form a candidate
skill, and a validation gate decides whether to keep it.</p>
<div class="cards">
<div class="card">
<h3>Research engine</h3>
<p>Run reproducible training and evaluation over benchmark splits.
Six released benchmark configurations cover QA, document QA, embodied
agents, math, spreadsheets, and tool-augmented QA.</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<h3>SkillOpt-Sleep preview</h3>
<p>Harvest supported coding-agent sessions, mine replayable tasks, and
stage proposed memory or skill updates for review. It is a separate,
evolving deployment companion—not the paper's benchmark runner.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p>The optimizer and target are separate roles and may use different
backends. Validation gating is the research default and the paper-style
setting; deliberately disabling it force-accepts candidates and changes the
experiment semantics. SkillOpt-Sleep stages updates by default; automatic
adoption is opt-in.</p>
</section>
<section id="choose">
<h2>Choose the right workflow</h2>
<div class="table">
<table>
<thead><tr><th>Goal</th><th>Start with</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Reproduce paper-style benchmark training</td><td><a href="#research">Research first experiment</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Evaluate an existing skill without training</td><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/reference/cli.md">Evaluation CLI reference</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Add a benchmark adapter</td><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/new-benchmark.md">New benchmark guide</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Connect another model provider</td><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/new-backend.md">Backend guide</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Improve a coding-agent skill from local sessions</td><td><a href="#sleep">SkillOpt-Sleep</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</section>
<section id="install">
<h2>Install</h2>
<p>SkillOpt requires Python 3.10 or newer.</p>
<pre><code># Published package
python -m pip install skillopt
# Latest source and development workflow
git clone https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt.git
cd SkillOpt
python -m pip install -e .
# Install only the extras you need
python -m pip install -e ".[searchqa]" # SearchQA materialization
python -m pip install -e ".[alfworld]" # ALFWorld
python -m pip install -e ".[claude]" # optional Claude agent SDK support
python -m pip install -e ".[webui]" # Gradio dashboard
python -m pip install -e ".[dev]" # tests and linting</code></pre>
<div class="notice warn">
<strong>Release boundary</strong>
This guide tracks <code>main</code>. PyPI currently serves 0.2.0; the
generic research <code>openai_compatible</code> backend, Sleep handoff,
SkillOpt-Sleep support for non-Azure OpenAI-compatible endpoints, and the
Sleep <code>--preferences</code> flag require a source install from
<code>main</code> until the next release.
</div>
<p>See the <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/installation.md">installation guide</a>
for platform notes and dependency boundaries.</p>
</section>
<section id="credentials">
<h2>Credentials and endpoint families</h2>
<p>Copy <code>.env.example</code>, fill only the backend you use, and load
it into your shell. Do not commit the resulting <code>.env</code>.</p>
<pre><code>cp .env.example .env
set -a
source .env
set +a</code></pre>
<h3>Azure OpenAI</h3>
<pre><code>export AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT="https://your-resource.openai.azure.com/"
export AZURE_OPENAI_API_VERSION="2024-12-01-preview"
export AZURE_OPENAI_AUTH_MODE="api_key"
export AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY="your-key"</code></pre>
<p>For keyless Azure authentication, use <code>azure_cli</code> or
<code>managed_identity</code> and follow the
<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/configuration.md">configuration guide</a>.
Setting an API key without <code>AZURE_OPENAI_AUTH_MODE=api_key</code> does
not change the default authentication mode.</p>
<h3>Generic OpenAI-compatible research backend</h3>
<pre><code>export OPENAI_COMPATIBLE_BASE_URL="https://api.example.com/v1"
export OPENAI_COMPATIBLE_API_KEY="your-key"
export OPENAI_COMPATIBLE_MODEL="provider-model"
python scripts/train.py --config configs/searchqa/default.yaml &#92;
--cfg-options &#92;
model.optimizer_backend=openai_compatible &#92;
model.target_backend=openai_compatible &#92;
model.optimizer=provider-model &#92;
model.target=provider-model</code></pre>
<p>This provider-neutral backend is distinct from Azure OpenAI. Per-role
overrides use <code>OPTIMIZER_OPENAI_COMPATIBLE_*</code> and
<code>TARGET_OPENAI_COMPATIBLE_*</code>. Train/eval applies the YAML role
models after backend initialization, so they override model-name
environment variables.</p>
<h3>OpenAI-compatible endpoints in SkillOpt-Sleep</h3>
<p>The Sleep CLI exposes this compatibility path through its
<code>azure_openai</code> backend for backward compatibility, so it uses a
different environment-variable family:</p>
<pre><code>export AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT="https://api.example.com/v1"
export AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY="your-key"
export AZURE_OPENAI_AUTH_MODE="openai_compatible"
skillopt-sleep run --backend azure_openai --model provider-model</code></pre>
<p>Do not mix this mode with Azure CLI or managed-identity settings. See
the dedicated
<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/sleep/openai-compatible-endpoints.md">Sleep endpoint guide</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="research">
<h2>Research engine: first experiment</h2>
<p>The repository ships deterministic ID manifests, not the benchmark
examples themselves. Materialize the SearchQA examples once, then run its
checked-in config:</p>
<pre><code>python -m pip install -e ".[searchqa]"
python scripts/materialize_searchqa.py
# Load model credentials first, then:
python scripts/train.py --config configs/searchqa/default.yaml</code></pre>
<p>The run directory contains <code>best_skill.md</code>,
<code>runtime_state.json</code>, <code>history.json</code>, versioned files
under <code>skills/</code>, and step-level artifacts. Re-running with the
same output root resumes from persisted state.</p>
<pre><code>python scripts/eval_only.py &#92;
--config configs/searchqa/default.yaml &#92;
--skill outputs/&lt;run&gt;/best_skill.md &#92;
--split valid_unseen</code></pre>
<div class="notice warn">
<strong>Reproduction boundary</strong>
Use the released train/validation/test manifests and record the exact
model deployment, config, seed, and source revision. Provider behavior
can change independently of this repository.
</div>
<p>Continue with the
<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/first-experiment.md">first-experiment guide</a>
and <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/data/README.md">dataset manifest documentation</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="backends">
<h2>Research model backends</h2>
<div class="table">
<table>
<thead><tr><th>Backend</th><th>Optimizer</th><th>Target</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><code>openai_chat</code></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Azure OpenAI plus its explicit authentication modes.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>openai_compatible</code></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Provider-neutral chat-completions endpoint.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>claude_chat</code></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Runs an installed, authenticated Claude Code CLI via <code>claude -p</code>; not a direct Anthropic API client.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>qwen_chat</code></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Local or hosted Qwen-compatible server.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>minimax_chat</code></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>MiniMax chat endpoint.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>codex_exec</code></td><td>Yes</td><td>Supported adapters only</td><td>Executes Codex for optimizer calls and as a target agent where supported.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>claude_code_exec</code></td><td>No</td><td>Supported adapters only</td><td>Executes Claude Code as a target agent.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Prefer the structured <code>model.optimizer_backend</code> and
<code>model.target_backend</code> settings. Legacy <code>--backend</code>
aliases do not expose every role-specific combination. Exec backends are
not generic chat replacements and require adapter support.</p>
</section>
<section id="research-docs">
<h2>Research documentation map</h2>
<div class="table">
<table>
<thead><tr><th>Reference</th><th>Use it for</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/configuration.md">Configuration</a></td><td>Authentication, structured YAML, role-specific backends, and overrides.</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/reference/cli.md">CLI</a></td><td>Current train/eval entry points and exact output paths.</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/reference/config.md">Config reference</a></td><td>Supported sections, defaults, and validation constraints.</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/training-loop.md">Training loop</a></td><td>Rollout, reflection, edit selection, gating, slow update, and meta skill.</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/skill-document.md">Skill document</a></td><td>Skill structure and protected regions.</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/reference/api.md">Python API</a></td><td>Stable public imports and low-level/internal boundaries.</td></tr>
<tr><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md">Changelog</a></td><td>Recently merged capabilities, fixes, and contributor credits.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</section>
<section id="sleep">
<h2>SkillOpt-Sleep: safe first run</h2>
<p>SkillOpt-Sleep is a preview deployment companion. Its default
<code>mock</code> backend is useful for testing control flow without API
spend; it is not evidence that a real model's quality improved.</p>
<pre><code># Deterministic engine proof; no model credentials required
python -m skillopt_sleep.experiments.run_experiment &#92;
--persona researcher --assert-improves
# Inspect local session handling without adopting any update
skillopt-sleep dry-run &#92;
--project "$PWD" &#92;
--source auto &#92;
--backend mock
# A real run: explicitly identify the skill to evolve
skillopt-sleep run &#92;
--project "$PWD" &#92;
--target-skill-path path/to/SKILL.md &#92;
--source auto &#92;
--backend claude
skillopt-sleep status --project "$PWD"
skillopt-sleep adopt --project "$PWD"</code></pre>
<p><code>--project</code> scopes collection but does not automatically
choose a project's skill file. Use <code>--target-skill-path</code> when
you intend to evolve a particular <code>SKILL.md</code>. Transcript source
(<code>claude</code>, <code>codex</code>, or <code>auto</code>) and replay
backend are independent settings.</p>
<p>For subscription-based workflows that should not launch an API or model
subprocess, use <code>--backend handoff</code> and follow the generated
prompt/answer loop. Read the
<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/sleep/README.md">complete Sleep guide</a>
before a real run.</p>
</section>
<section id="sleep-plugins">
<h2>Agent integrations</h2>
<div class="table">
<table>
<thead><tr><th>Agent</th><th>Integration status</th><th>Guide</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Claude Code</td><td>Shared-engine plugin and handoff command</td><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/plugins/claude-code/README.md">README</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Codex</td><td>Shared-engine skill shell</td><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/plugins/codex/README.md">README</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>GitHub Copilot</td><td>Shared-engine Sleep MCP plus a separate research MCP</td><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/plugins/copilot/README.md">README</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>Devin</td><td>Shared-engine MCP with Devin transcript conversion</td><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/plugins/devin/README.md">README</a></td></tr>
<tr><td>OpenClaw</td><td>Independent community/reference adaptation; review locally before use</td><td><a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/plugins/openclaw/README.md">README</a></td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>The <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/plugins/README.md">plugin overview</a>
records which integrations use the shared engine and which require local
adaptation.</p>
</section>
<section id="sleep-replay">
<h2>Advanced Sleep controls</h2>
<p>The main CLI exposes project/source selection, backend/model selection,
bounded task and edit counts, preferences, reviewed task files, and
staged adoption. Additional JSON configuration fields include:</p>
<div class="table">
<table>
<thead><tr><th>Field</th><th>Default</th><th>Status</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td><code>dream_rollouts</code></td><td>1</td><td>Single rollout by default; values above 1 enable experimental contrastive replay.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>dream_factor</code></td><td>0</td><td>Synthetic task variants are off by default.</td></tr>
<tr><td><code>recall_k</code></td><td>0</td><td>Historical associative recall is off by default.</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>These are configuration fields, not current <code>skillopt-sleep run</code>
flags. Treat multi-rollout, recall, synthetic dreaming, and experimental
reward/budget controls as advanced features that require task-specific
validation. The reported experiments and their exact settings are in
<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/sleep/RESULTS.md">RESULTS.md</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="safety">
<h2>Data, privacy, and adoption safety</h2>
<ul>
<li>Real Sleep backends may send session-derived prompts, mined tasks,
trajectories, and candidate edits to the selected provider. Review the
source data and provider policy before use.</li>
<li>Secret redaction for persisted diagnostics is defense in depth; it
is not a guarantee that every outbound model prompt is free of sensitive
content. In particular, do not treat raw coding-agent transcripts as
pre-sanitized.</li>
<li>Updates are staged for review by default. Use
<code>--auto-adopt</code> only when you have an independent rollback and
validation process.</li>
<li>A held-out gate reduces regressions on its measured tasks; it is not
a security boundary or a proof of general improvement.</li>
<li>Use a temporary clone and synthetic transcripts when validating a
new backend or plugin integration.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="contributing">
<h2>Contributing and extending</h2>
<p>Before proposing a change, run the focused tests for the affected area,
then the full suite where practical. Documentation changes should pass a
strict MkDocs build and should be checked against actual CLI
<code>--help</code> output.</p>
<pre><code>python -m pip install -e ".[dev,docs]"
python -m pytest -q
python -m mkdocs build --strict</code></pre>
<p>See <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md">CONTRIBUTING.md</a>,
the <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/contributing.md">documentation workflow</a>,
and the focused guides for
<a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/new-benchmark.md">benchmarks</a>
and <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt/blob/main/docs/guide/new-backend.md">model backends</a>.</p>
</section>
<footer>
SkillOpt · <a href="https://github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt">github.com/microsoft/SkillOpt</a>
· <a href="https://microsoft.github.io/SkillOpt/blog/">Technical Blog</a>
· <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.23904">arXiv:2605.23904</a><br>
This public overview intentionally avoids duplicating the complete,
fast-changing configuration surface. Follow the linked versioned
references for details.
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