feat: merge IP-scanned and Proxmox-imported devices by MAC

Reconcile the same physical device discovered by both the nmap IP scan and
the Proxmox importer into a single inventory row, keyed on MAC. Previously
each path only deduped by IP, and the importer captured no MAC (and no IP for
stopped guests), so most guests double-listed.

Backend:
- mac_utils.normalize_mac: canonical MAC (lowercase, ':'-separated), the
  cross-source join key. Normalized on write and on compare.
- proxmox_service: capture the guest NIC MAC agent-free from the net0 config
  (qemu virtio=<MAC>, lxc hwaddr=<MAC>); works for stopped guests. Resolver
  now returns (ip, mac).
- proxmox persist: match existing Node/PendingDevice by ieee OR ip OR MAC;
  fill mac, keep the vm/lxc type, union sources.
- scanner persist: match PendingDevice by ip OR MAC; fill the IP a Proxmox
  import lacked, keep a pve row's type, union the scan source. Stamp query
  matches raw + normalized MAC (legacy-safe).
- Multi-source tags: new PendingDevice.discovery_sources JSON column so a
  merged device shows under both the IP and Proxmox filters. Idempotent
  migration backfills from discovery_source (legacy NULL-scalar rows with an
  IP become ["arp"]). _sources_after_merge preserves a scanned row's IP origin
  through the merge without tagging a pure Proxmox guest.
- Import now broadcasts a scan update on completion so an open inventory
  reloads without a manual refresh.

Frontend:
- pendingSources: sourceBuckets/orderedSources map discovery_sources to filter
  buckets; a device with ["arp","proxmox"] matches both filters and renders
  both badges. PendingDevicesModal filter + badges use them.

Tests: MAC normalization, config MAC capture, cross-source merge both
directions, legacy-row IP-tag preservation, no-false-IP-tag guard, refresh
broadcast, and the frontend bucket mapping.

ha-relevant: maybe

backend/app/api/routes/proxmox.py

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ from app.schemas.proxmox import (
     ProxmoxTestConnectionResponse,
 )
 from app.schemas.scan import ScanRunResponse
+from app.services.discovery_sources import add_source
+from app.services.mac_utils import normalize_mac
 from app.services.node_dedupe import dedupe_nodes_by_ieee
 from app.services.proxmox_service import (
     build_proxmox_cluster_links,
@@ -164,6 +166,10 @@ async def _background_proxmox_import(
                 run.finished_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
                 run.error = _guest_visibility_advisory(nodes_raw)
                 await db.commit()
+            # Nudge the frontend to reload the inventory (same signal the IP scan
+            # emits) so imported/merged devices appear without a manual refresh.
+            from app.api.routes.status import broadcast_scan_update
+            await broadcast_scan_update(run_id=run_id, devices_found=result.device_count)
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.exception("Proxmox import %s failed", run_id)
             await db.rollback()
@@ -223,14 +229,19 @@ async def _persist_pending_import(
         if not ieee:
             continue
         ip = n.get("ip")
+        mac = normalize_mac(n.get("mac"))
         props = build_proxmox_properties(n)
 
-        # 1) Already on a canvas? Match by ieee OR (ip when known). Refresh in
+        # 1) Already on a canvas? Match by ieee OR ip OR mac (the cross-source
-        # place: merge properties, adopt the pve identity onto a scanned node,
+        # dedup key — a stopped VM has no IP but its configured NIC MAC still
-        # backfill blank specs/hostname. Do NOT stomp user-set type/status.
+        # matches an ARP-scanned node). Refresh in place: merge properties, adopt
+        # the pve identity onto a scanned node, backfill blank specs/hostname/mac.
+        # Do NOT stomp user-set type/status.
         node_filter = [Node.ieee_address == ieee]
         if ip:
             node_filter.append(Node.ip == ip)
+        if mac:
+            node_filter.append(Node.mac == mac)
         existing_nodes = (
             await db.execute(select(Node).where(or_(*node_filter)).order_by(Node.id))
         ).scalars().all()
@@ -242,6 +253,8 @@ async def _persist_pending_import(
                     en.ieee_address = ieee
                 if ip and not en.ip:
                     en.ip = ip
+                if mac and not en.mac:
+                    en.mac = mac
                 en.hostname = en.hostname or n.get("hostname")
                 en.cpu_count = en.cpu_count or n.get("cpu_count")
                 en.ram_gb = en.ram_gb or n.get("ram_gb")
@@ -251,17 +264,17 @@ async def _persist_pending_import(
                 if ieee in cluster_members:
                     en.left_handles = max(en.left_handles or 0, 1)
                     en.right_handles = max(en.right_handles or 0, 1)
-            await _ensure_inventory_row(db, ieee, ip, n, props, approved=True)
+            await _ensure_inventory_row(db, ieee, ip, mac, n, props, approved=True)
             pending_updated += 1
             continue
 
         # 2) Not on canvas — upsert the pending inventory row.
-        pending = await _find_pending(db, ieee, ip)
+        pending = await _find_pending(db, ieee, ip, mac)
         if pending is None:
-            db.add(_new_pending(ieee, ip, n, props, status="pending"))
+            db.add(_new_pending(ieee, ip, mac, n, props, status="pending"))
             pending_created += 1
         else:
-            _refresh_pending(pending, ieee, ip, n, props)
+            _refresh_pending(pending, ieee, ip, mac, n, props)
             pending_updated += 1
 
     links_recorded = await _replace_links(db, edges_raw, cluster_pairs)
@@ -276,22 +289,30 @@ async def _persist_pending_import(
 
 
 async def _find_pending(
-    db: AsyncSession, ieee: str, ip: str | None
+    db: AsyncSession, ieee: str, ip: str | None, mac: str | None
 ) -> PendingDevice | None:
     filters = [PendingDevice.ieee_address == ieee]
     if ip:
         filters.append(PendingDevice.ip == ip)
+    if mac:
+        filters.append(PendingDevice.mac == mac)
     return (
         await db.execute(select(PendingDevice).where(or_(*filters)))
     ).scalars().first()
 
 
 def _new_pending(
-    ieee: str, ip: str | None, n: dict[str, Any], props: list[dict[str, Any]], status: str
+    ieee: str,
+    ip: str | None,
+    mac: str | None,
+    n: dict[str, Any],
+    props: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    status: str,
 ) -> PendingDevice:
     return PendingDevice(
         ieee_address=ieee,
         ip=ip,
+        mac=mac,
         hostname=n.get("hostname"),
         friendly_name=n.get("label"),
         suggested_type=n.get("type"),
@@ -299,19 +320,41 @@ def _new_pending(
         model=n.get("model"),
         properties=props,
         status=status,
-        discovery_source="proxmox",
+        discovery_source=_PROXMOX_GUEST_SOURCE,
+        discovery_sources=[_PROXMOX_GUEST_SOURCE],
     )
 
 
+def _sources_after_merge(row: PendingDevice) -> list[str]:
+    """Discovery sources for an inventory row after a Proxmox import merges in.
+
+    Must run BEFORE the ``pve-`` ieee is adopted onto the row, so it can tell
+    whether the row was originally a scanned device. Preserves the prior scan
+    origin — including legacy rows created before ``discovery_sources`` existed
+    (empty list) and possibly with a NULL ``discovery_source`` — so the IP tag
+    survives the merge. A row that carries an IP but was not itself a Proxmox
+    device (no ``pve-`` ieee) was found by a scan; keep an IP-scan source.
+    """
+    sources = add_source(row.discovery_sources, row.discovery_source)
+    was_scanned = not (row.ieee_address or "").startswith("pve-")
+    if was_scanned and row.ip and not any(s in ("arp", "mdns") for s in sources):
+        sources = add_source(sources, "arp")
+    return add_source(sources, _PROXMOX_GUEST_SOURCE)
+
+
 def _refresh_pending(
     pending: PendingDevice,
     ieee: str,
     ip: str | None,
+    mac: str | None,
     n: dict[str, Any],
     props: list[dict[str, Any]],
 ) -> None:
+    # Compute sources before adopting the pve ieee (needs the pre-merge origin).
+    pending.discovery_sources = _sources_after_merge(pending)
     pending.ieee_address = pending.ieee_address or ieee
     pending.ip = ip or pending.ip
+    pending.mac = pending.mac or mac
     pending.hostname = n.get("hostname") or pending.hostname
     pending.friendly_name = n.get("label") or pending.friendly_name
     pending.suggested_type = n.get("type") or pending.suggested_type
@@ -328,18 +371,22 @@ async def _ensure_inventory_row(
     db: AsyncSession,
     ieee: str,
     ip: str | None,
+    mac: str | None,
     n: dict[str, Any],
     props: list[dict[str, Any]],
     approved: bool,
 ) -> None:
     """Ensure an inventory row exists for a device already on a canvas, so it
     shows in the inventory with an 'In N canvas' badge. Never changes status."""
-    inv = await _find_pending(db, ieee, ip)
+    inv = await _find_pending(db, ieee, ip, mac)
     if inv is None:
-        db.add(_new_pending(ieee, ip, n, props, status="approved" if approved else "pending"))
+        db.add(_new_pending(ieee, ip, mac, n, props, status="approved" if approved else "pending"))
     else:
+        # Compute sources before adopting the pve ieee (needs the pre-merge origin).
+        inv.discovery_sources = _sources_after_merge(inv)
         inv.ieee_address = inv.ieee_address or ieee
         inv.ip = ip or inv.ip
+        inv.mac = inv.mac or mac
         inv.hostname = n.get("hostname") or inv.hostname
         inv.suggested_type = n.get("type") or inv.suggested_type
         inv.properties = merge_proxmox_properties(list(inv.properties or []), props)

backend/app/db/database.py

@@ -321,6 +321,37 @@ async def init_db() -> None:
         with suppress(OperationalError):
             sql = "UPDATE edges SET animated = 'none' WHERE animated = '0' OR animated = 0 OR animated IS NULL"
             await conn.exec_driver_sql(sql)
+        # Multi-source discovery tags: a device found by both an IP scan and a
+        # Proxmox import carries every source. Backfill from the legacy single
+        # discovery_source so existing rows show under their filter.
+        with suppress(OperationalError):
+            await conn.exec_driver_sql("ALTER TABLE pending_devices ADD COLUMN discovery_sources JSON")
+        with suppress(OperationalError):
+            await conn.exec_driver_sql(
+                "UPDATE pending_devices SET discovery_sources = json_array(discovery_source) "
+                "WHERE discovery_sources IS NULL AND discovery_source IS NOT NULL"
+            )
+        # Legacy IP-scanned rows predating discovery_source have a NULL scalar
+        # but a real IP — treat them as an ARP scan so they keep the IP tag.
+        with suppress(OperationalError):
+            await conn.exec_driver_sql(
+                "UPDATE pending_devices SET discovery_sources = json_array('arp') "
+                "WHERE discovery_sources IS NULL AND discovery_source IS NULL AND ip IS NOT NULL"
+            )
+        with suppress(OperationalError):
+            await conn.exec_driver_sql(
+                "UPDATE pending_devices SET discovery_sources = '[]' WHERE discovery_sources IS NULL"
+            )
+        # Canonicalize stored MACs (lowercase, ':' separators) so cross-source
+        # dedup can match a Proxmox NIC MAC against an ARP-scanned one by equality.
+        with suppress(OperationalError):
+            await conn.exec_driver_sql(
+                "UPDATE pending_devices SET mac = lower(replace(mac, '-', ':')) WHERE mac IS NOT NULL"
+            )
+        with suppress(OperationalError):
+            await conn.exec_driver_sql(
+                "UPDATE nodes SET mac = lower(replace(mac, '-', ':')) WHERE mac IS NOT NULL"
+            )
 
 
 async def get_db() -> AsyncGenerator[AsyncSession, None]:

backend/app/db/models.py

@@ -119,7 +119,13 @@ class PendingDevice(Base):
     services: Mapped[list[Any]] = mapped_column(JSON, default=list)
     suggested_type: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String)
     status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String, default="pending")
+    # Origin/primary source (first discovery): "arp"/"mdns"/"zigbee"/"zwave"/
+    # "proxmox". Kept for back-compat; `discovery_sources` is the full set.
     discovery_source: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String)
+    # All sources that have observed this device. A device found by both an IP
+    # scan and a Proxmox import carries e.g. ["arp", "proxmox"] and shows under
+    # both inventory filters. Source of truth for the frontend source badges.
+    discovery_sources: Mapped[list[Any]] = mapped_column(JSON, default=list)
     ieee_address: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String, index=True, nullable=True, unique=True)
     friendly_name: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String, nullable=True)
     device_subtype: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String, nullable=True)

backend/app/schemas/scan.py

@@ -14,6 +14,9 @@ class PendingDeviceResponse(BaseModel):
     suggested_type: str | None
     status: str
     discovery_source: str | None
+    # All sources that have observed this device (e.g. ["arp", "proxmox"]). Drives
+    # the inventory source filter + badges; falls back to [discovery_source].
+    discovery_sources: list[str] = []
     ieee_address: str | None = None
     friendly_name: str | None = None
     device_subtype: str | None = None
@@ -35,10 +38,10 @@ class PendingDeviceResponse(BaseModel):
     node_last_modified: datetime | None = None
     node_last_seen: datetime | None = None
 
-    @field_validator("properties", mode="before")
+    @field_validator("properties", "discovery_sources", mode="before")
     @classmethod
-    def _coerce_properties(cls, v: Any) -> list[Any]:
+    def _coerce_list(cls, v: Any) -> list[Any]:
-        # Legacy rows (column added by migration) have properties = NULL.
+        # Legacy rows (columns added by migration) have these = NULL.
         return v if isinstance(v, list) else []
 
     model_config = {"from_attributes": True}

backend/app/services/discovery_sources.py

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"""Helpers for the multi-valued ``PendingDevice.discovery_sources`` set.
+
+A device discovered by more than one path (e.g. an IP scan *and* a Proxmox
+import) accumulates every source that has seen it, so it surfaces under each
+matching inventory filter. Order is preserved (origin first) and duplicates are
+dropped.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+
+def add_source(sources: Iterable[str] | None, source: str | None) -> list[str]:
+    """Return ``sources`` with ``source`` appended if not already present."""
+    out = [s for s in (sources or []) if s]
+    if source and source not in out:
+        out.append(source)
+    return out

backend/app/services/mac_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+"""MAC-address normalization, shared by the scan + Proxmox persist paths.
+
+Different discovery sources emit MACs in different casing/separators (ARP is
+lowercase ``bc:24:11:..``, Proxmox config is often uppercase ``BC:24:11:..``).
+Canonicalizing on write *and* on compare lets cross-source dedup match a device
+by MAC with a plain ``==`` — the join key for merging an IP-scanned row with a
+Proxmox-imported one.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+
+def normalize_mac(mac: str | None) -> str | None:
+    """Canonical MAC: lowercase, ``-`` → ``:``, stripped. Blank/None → None."""
+    if not mac:
+        return None
+    normalized = mac.strip().lower().replace("-", ":")
+    return normalized or None

backend/app/services/proxmox_service.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from typing import Any
 
 import httpx
 
+from app.services.mac_utils import normalize_mac
 from app.services.zigbee_service import merge_zigbee_properties
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -32,6 +33,9 @@ _BYTES_PER_GB = 1024 ** 3
 
 # net0 config line: "name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,ip=192.168.1.5/24,gw=..."
 _LXC_IP_RE = re.compile(r"(?:^|,)ip=([0-9]{1,3}(?:\.[0-9]{1,3}){3})(?:/\d+)?")
+# NIC MAC inside a net0 string — qemu "virtio=BC:24:11:..,bridge=.." or lxc
+# "..,hwaddr=BC:24:11:..,..". A bare 6-octet MAC match works for both forms.
+_NET_MAC_RE = re.compile(r"([0-9a-fA-F]{2}(?::[0-9a-fA-F]{2}){5})")
 
 
 def _sanitize_proxmox_error(exc: BaseException) -> str:
@@ -121,6 +125,21 @@ def _extract_lxc_ip(config_payload: dict[str, Any] | None) -> str | None:
     return match.group(1) if match else None
 
 
+def _extract_net_mac(config_payload: dict[str, Any] | None) -> str | None:
+    """Parse the NIC MAC from a qemu/lxc ``net0`` config string (normalized).
+
+    Works agent-free for both guest kinds and for stopped guests — the sole
+    identity we can reliably cross-match against an ARP-scanned device.
+    """
+    if not config_payload:
+        return None
+    net0 = config_payload.get("net0")
+    if not isinstance(net0, str):
+        return None
+    match = _NET_MAC_RE.search(net0)
+    return normalize_mac(match.group(1)) if match else None
+
+
 def _host_node(raw: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
     """Build a homelable ``proxmox`` host node from a ``/nodes`` entry."""
     name = raw.get("node")
@@ -144,7 +163,9 @@ def _host_node(raw: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
     }
 
 
-def _guest_node(raw: dict[str, Any], host_name: str, kind: str, ip: str | None) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
+def _guest_node(
+    raw: dict[str, Any], host_name: str, kind: str, ip: str | None, mac: str | None = None
+) -> dict[str, Any] | None:
     """Build a homelable vm/lxc node from a ``/qemu`` or ``/lxc`` list entry."""
     vmid = raw.get("vmid")
     if vmid is None:
@@ -159,6 +180,7 @@ def _guest_node(raw: dict[str, Any], host_name: str, kind: str, ip: str | None)
         "ieee_address": ieee,
         "hostname": name,
         "ip": ip,
+        "mac": mac,
         "status": "online" if raw.get("status") == "running" else "offline",
         "cpu_count": _int_or_none(raw.get("maxcpu") or raw.get("cpus")),
         "ram_gb": _gb(raw.get("maxmem")),
@@ -320,34 +342,48 @@ async def _fetch_host_guests(
         if not isinstance(entries, list):
             continue
         for raw in entries:
-            ip = await _resolve_guest_ip(client, host_name, kind, raw)
+            ip, mac = await _resolve_guest_net(client, host_name, kind, raw)
-            node = _guest_node(raw, host_name, kind, ip)
+            node = _guest_node(raw, host_name, kind, ip, mac)
             if node:
                 guests.append(node)
 
     return guests
 
 
-async def _resolve_guest_ip(
+async def _resolve_guest_net(
     client: httpx.AsyncClient, host_name: str, kind: str, raw: dict[str, Any]
-) -> str | None:
+) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
-    """Best-effort guest IP. qemu → guest agent, lxc → net0 config. Never raises."""
+    """Best-effort (ip, mac) for a guest. Never raises.
+
+    - MAC comes from the guest ``/config`` net0 line for both kinds (agent-free,
+      works for stopped guests) — the cross-source dedup key.
+    - IP: qemu → guest agent (running only); lxc → static net0 config.
+    Partial results are returned even if a later call fails (e.g. config MAC is
+    kept when the qemu agent call errors).
+    """
     vmid = raw.get("vmid")
     if vmid is None:
-        return None
+        return None, None
+    ip: str | None = None
+    mac: str | None = None
     try:
         if kind == "qemu":
-            if raw.get("status") != "running":
+            config = await _get_json(client, f"/nodes/{host_name}/qemu/{vmid}/config")
-                return None
+            mac = _extract_net_mac(config)
-            data = await _get_json(
+            if raw.get("status") == "running":
-                client, f"/nodes/{host_name}/qemu/{vmid}/agent/network-get-interfaces"
+                data = await _get_json(
-            )
+                    client, f"/nodes/{host_name}/qemu/{vmid}/agent/network-get-interfaces"
-            return _extract_qemu_ip(data)
+                )
-        data = await _get_json(client, f"/nodes/{host_name}/lxc/{vmid}/config")
+                ip = _extract_qemu_ip(data)
-        return _extract_lxc_ip(data)
+        else:
+            config = await _get_json(client, f"/nodes/{host_name}/lxc/{vmid}/config")
+            ip = _extract_lxc_ip(config)
+            mac = _extract_net_mac(config)
     except httpx.HTTPError:
-        # Guest agent not installed / container stopped / no perms → no IP. Fine.
+        # Guest agent not installed / container stopped / no perms. Keep whatever
-        return None
+        # was resolved before the failure.
+        pass
+    return ip, mac
 
 
 async def test_proxmox_connection(

backend/app/services/scanner.py

@@ -15,8 +15,10 @@ from sqlalchemy import or_, select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from app.db.models import Node, PendingDevice, ScanRun
+from app.services.discovery_sources import add_source
 from app.services.fingerprint import fingerprint_ports, suggest_node_type
 from app.services.http_probe import probe_open_ports
+from app.services.mac_utils import normalize_mac
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -522,16 +524,21 @@ async def run_scan(
                     ip, open_ports, verify_tls=deep_scan.verify_tls
                 )
 
+            norm_mac = normalize_mac(host.get("mac"))
             services = fingerprint_ports(open_ports)
-            suggested_type = suggest_node_type(open_ports, host.get("mac"))
+            suggested_type = suggest_node_type(open_ports, norm_mac)
 
-            # One inventory row per device (by IP). Match across pending AND
+            # One inventory row per device. Match by IP OR MAC across pending AND
-            # approved so a re-scan of an already-approved device refreshes its
+            # approved so a re-scan refreshes the existing row instead of spawning
-            # row instead of spawning a fresh "pending" duplicate. Hidden rows
+            # a duplicate — and so a device previously imported from Proxmox (which
-            # are already skipped above.
+            # may have no IP but a known NIC MAC) reconciles with this scan instead
+            # of doubling up. Hidden rows are already skipped above.
+            match_cond = [PendingDevice.ip == ip]
+            if norm_mac:
+                match_cond.append(PendingDevice.mac == norm_mac)
             existing_rows = (await db.execute(
                 select(PendingDevice)
-                .where(PendingDevice.ip == ip, PendingDevice.status != "hidden")
+                .where(or_(*match_cond), PendingDevice.status != "hidden")
                 .order_by(PendingDevice.discovered_at)
             )).scalars().all()
 
@@ -543,32 +550,41 @@ async def run_scan(
                 for dup in existing_rows:
                     if dup is not keep:
                         await db.delete(dup)
-                keep.mac = host.get("mac") or keep.mac
+                keep.ip = keep.ip or ip  # fill an IP a Proxmox import lacked
+                keep.mac = norm_mac or keep.mac
                 keep.hostname = host.get("hostname") or keep.hostname
                 keep.os = host.get("os") or keep.os
                 keep.services = services
-                keep.suggested_type = suggested_type
+                # Don't downgrade a Proxmox-typed guest (vm/lxc) to the generic
+                # scan guess; the importer knows the true type.
+                if not (keep.ieee_address or "").startswith("pve-"):
+                    keep.suggested_type = suggested_type
+                # Merged row carries both sources (e.g. ["proxmox", "arp"]).
+                keep.discovery_sources = add_source(keep.discovery_sources, discovery_source)
                 # status preserved — an approved device stays approved.
             else:
                 db.add(PendingDevice(
                     ip=ip,
-                    mac=host.get("mac"),
+                    mac=norm_mac,
                     hostname=host.get("hostname"),
                     os=host.get("os"),
                     services=services,
                     suggested_type=suggested_type,
                     status="pending",
                     discovery_source=discovery_source,
+                    discovery_sources=[discovery_source],
                 ))
                 devices_found += 1
 
             # Stamp last_scan on any canvas node that matches this device by IP
             # (or MAC, when known) so the inventory shows when the scanner last
-            # observed it. Matches across designs.
+            # observed it. Match both the normalized and raw MAC so a legacy
-            host_mac = host.get("mac")
+            # canvas node whose mac predates normalization still matches. Across
+            # designs.
             node_match = [Node.ip == ip]
-            if host_mac:
+            for m in {norm_mac, host.get("mac")}:
-                node_match.append(Node.mac == host_mac)
+                if m:
+                    node_match.append(Node.mac == m)
             matching_nodes = (await db.execute(
                 select(Node).where(or_(*node_match))
             )).scalars().all()

backend/tests/test_mac_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""Unit tests for MAC normalization (the cross-source dedup key)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from app.services.discovery_sources import add_source
+from app.services.mac_utils import normalize_mac
+
+
+def test_normalize_mac_lowercases_and_unifies_separators() -> None:
+    assert normalize_mac("BC:24:11:AA:BB:CC") == "bc:24:11:aa:bb:cc"
+    assert normalize_mac("bc-24-11-aa-bb-cc") == "bc:24:11:aa:bb:cc"
+    assert normalize_mac("  BC:24:11:AA:BB:CC  ") == "bc:24:11:aa:bb:cc"
+
+
+def test_normalize_mac_blank_is_none() -> None:
+    assert normalize_mac(None) is None
+    assert normalize_mac("") is None
+    assert normalize_mac("   ") is None
+
+
+def test_add_source_unions_without_duplicates() -> None:
+    assert add_source(None, "arp") == ["arp"]
+    assert add_source(["arp"], "proxmox") == ["arp", "proxmox"]
+    assert add_source(["arp", "proxmox"], "proxmox") == ["arp", "proxmox"]
+    assert add_source(["arp"], None) == ["arp"]
+    # Drops falsy members already present.
+    assert add_source(["arp", ""], "proxmox") == ["arp", "proxmox"]

backend/tests/test_proxmox_router.py

@@ -3,13 +3,18 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import uuid
-from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
 import pytest
 from httpx import AsyncClient
 from sqlalchemy import select
 
-from app.api.routes.proxmox import _guest_visibility_advisory, _persist_pending_import
+from app.api.routes.proxmox import (
+    _background_proxmox_import,
+    _guest_visibility_advisory,
+    _persist_pending_import,
+)
 from app.api.routes.scan import _is_proxmox_cluster_member, _resolve_pending_links_for_ieee
 from app.core.config import settings
 from app.db.models import Design, Edge, Node, PendingDevice, PendingDeviceLink
@@ -41,10 +46,11 @@ def _host_node() -> dict:
     }
 
 
-def _guest_node(vmid: int, ip: str | None, status: str = "online") -> dict:
+def _guest_node(vmid: int, ip: str | None, status: str = "online", mac: str | None = None) -> dict:
     return {
         "id": f"pve-pve1-{vmid}", "label": f"vm{vmid}", "type": "vm",
         "ieee_address": f"pve-pve1-{vmid}", "hostname": f"vm{vmid}", "ip": ip,
+        "mac": mac,
         "status": status, "cpu_count": 2, "ram_gb": 4.0, "disk_gb": 32.0,
         "vendor": "Proxmox VE", "model": "QEMU", "vmid": vmid,
         "parent_ieee": "pve-node-pve1",
@@ -116,6 +122,27 @@ async def test_enable_sync_without_token_rejected(client: AsyncClient, headers:
     assert res.status_code == 400
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_background_import_broadcasts_refresh() -> None:
+    """After persisting, the import emits a scan update so an open inventory
+    reloads without a manual refresh (same signal the IP scan uses)."""
+    fake_db = AsyncMock()
+    fake_db.get = AsyncMock(return_value=None)  # no ScanRun row → skip status update
+    cm = AsyncMock()
+    cm.__aenter__.return_value = fake_db
+    cm.__aexit__.return_value = False
+
+    with patch("app.api.routes.proxmox.AsyncSessionLocal", MagicMock(return_value=cm)), \
+         patch("app.api.routes.proxmox.fetch_proxmox_inventory", new=AsyncMock(return_value=([], []))), \
+         patch("app.api.routes.proxmox._persist_pending_import",
+               new=AsyncMock(return_value=SimpleNamespace(device_count=3))), \
+         patch("app.api.routes.status.broadcast_scan_update", new=AsyncMock()) as bcast:
+        await _background_proxmox_import("run1", "h", 8006, "u@pam!t", "s", True)
+
+    bcast.assert_awaited_once()
+    assert bcast.await_args.kwargs["devices_found"] == 3
+
+
 # --- guest-visibility advisory ---------------------------------------------
 
 def test_advisory_when_hosts_only() -> None:
@@ -172,6 +199,108 @@ async def test_persist_merges_existing_scanned_node_by_ip(db_session) -> None:
     assert inv.status == "approved"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_persist_merges_pending_scan_row_by_mac(db_session) -> None:
+    # Device previously found by an IP scan: arp source, MAC known, no ieee.
+    db_session.add(PendingDevice(
+        id=str(uuid.uuid4()), ip="10.0.0.5", mac="bc:24:11:aa:bb:cc",
+        suggested_type="generic", status="pending",
+        discovery_source="arp", discovery_sources=["arp"],
+    ))
+    await db_session.commit()
+
+    # Proxmox import of the same box (stopped VM → no IP) but same NIC MAC in a
+    # different casing. Must merge, not duplicate.
+    await _persist_pending_import(db_session, [_guest_node(101, None, mac="BC:24:11:AA:BB:CC")], [])
+
+    rows = (await db_session.execute(select(PendingDevice))).scalars().all()
+    assert len(rows) == 1
+    row = rows[0]
+    assert row.ieee_address == "pve-pve1-101"          # adopted proxmox identity
+    assert row.suggested_type == "vm"                  # kept proxmox type
+    assert set(row.discovery_sources) == {"arp", "proxmox"}  # shows in both filters
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_persist_preserves_ip_tag_for_legacy_null_source_row(db_session) -> None:
+    # Legacy inventory row from an old IP scan, before discovery_source(s) were
+    # recorded: scalar NULL, sources empty — but it has an IP + MAC.
+    db_session.add(PendingDevice(
+        id=str(uuid.uuid4()), ip="192.168.1.108", mac="bc:24:11:6c:96:52",
+        suggested_type="lxc", status="pending",
+        discovery_source=None, discovery_sources=[],
+    ))
+    await db_session.commit()
+
+    await _persist_pending_import(
+        db_session, [_guest_node(108, "192.168.1.108", mac="BC:24:11:6C:96:52")], []
+    )
+
+    rows = (await db_session.execute(select(PendingDevice))).scalars().all()
+    assert len(rows) == 1
+    # The IP tag must survive the proxmox merge even with no recorded origin.
+    assert set(rows[0].discovery_sources) == {"arp", "proxmox"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_persist_preserves_ip_tag_on_canvas_merge_legacy_row(db_session) -> None:
+    # The immich case: an on-canvas node from an old scan, with a legacy
+    # inventory row (NULL source). Merge must keep the IP tag on the row.
+    node = Node(
+        id=str(uuid.uuid4()), type="lxc", label="immich",
+        ip="192.168.1.108", mac="bc:24:11:6c:96:52",
+        status="online", pos_x=0, pos_y=0,
+    )
+    inv = PendingDevice(
+        id=str(uuid.uuid4()), ip="192.168.1.108", mac="bc:24:11:6c:96:52",
+        suggested_type="lxc", status="approved",
+        discovery_source=None, discovery_sources=[],
+    )
+    db_session.add_all([node, inv])
+    await db_session.commit()
+
+    await _persist_pending_import(
+        db_session, [_guest_node(108, "192.168.1.108", mac="BC:24:11:6C:96:52")], []
+    )
+
+    inv_row = (await db_session.execute(
+        select(PendingDevice).where(PendingDevice.mac == "bc:24:11:6c:96:52")
+    )).scalar_one()
+    assert set(inv_row.discovery_sources) == {"arp", "proxmox"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_persist_does_not_add_ip_tag_to_pure_proxmox_guest(db_session) -> None:
+    # A guest first seen via Proxmox (agent IP, pve ieee) must NOT gain a spurious
+    # IP tag on re-sync — it was never IP-scanned.
+    await _persist_pending_import(db_session, [_guest_node(101, "10.0.0.5")], [])
+    await _persist_pending_import(db_session, [_guest_node(101, "10.0.0.5")], [])  # re-sync
+    row = (await db_session.execute(
+        select(PendingDevice).where(PendingDevice.ieee_address == "pve-pve1-101")
+    )).scalar_one()
+    assert set(row.discovery_sources) == {"proxmox"}
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_persist_merges_canvas_node_by_mac(db_session) -> None:
+    # A scanned canvas node with a MAC but no IP recorded for the guest.
+    scanned = Node(
+        id=str(uuid.uuid4()), type="generic", label="box",
+        mac="bc:24:11:aa:bb:cc", status="online", pos_x=0, pos_y=0,
+    )
+    db_session.add(scanned)
+    await db_session.commit()
+
+    await _persist_pending_import(db_session, [_guest_node(101, None, mac="BC:24:11:AA:BB:CC")], [])
+
+    nodes = (await db_session.execute(select(Node))).scalars().all()
+    assert len(nodes) == 1                              # no duplicate node
+    merged = nodes[0]
+    assert merged.ieee_address == "pve-pve1-101"
+    assert merged.mac == "bc:24:11:aa:bb:cc"
+    assert merged.cpu_count == 2                        # specs backfilled
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_persist_resync_updates_in_place(db_session) -> None:
     nodes = [_guest_node(101, "10.0.0.5")]

backend/tests/test_proxmox_service.py

@@ -38,6 +38,47 @@ def test_extract_lxc_ip_parses_net0_static() -> None:
     assert svc._extract_lxc_ip(None) is None
 
 
+def test_extract_net_mac_parses_qemu_and_lxc_forms() -> None:
+    # qemu: "virtio=<MAC>,bridge=.."
+    assert svc._extract_net_mac({"net0": "virtio=BC:24:11:AA:BB:CC,bridge=vmbr0"}) == "bc:24:11:aa:bb:cc"
+    # lxc: "..,hwaddr=<MAC>,.."
+    assert (
+        svc._extract_net_mac({"net0": "name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,hwaddr=BC:24:11:11:22:33,ip=dhcp"})
+        == "bc:24:11:11:22:33"
+    )
+    # No MAC / missing net0 / None → None
+    assert svc._extract_net_mac({"net0": "name=eth0,ip=dhcp"}) is None
+    assert svc._extract_net_mac({}) is None
+    assert svc._extract_net_mac(None) is None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_fetch_inventory_captures_guest_mac_from_config() -> None:
+    """Guests carry a normalized NIC MAC read agent-free from their config."""
+    async def fake_get_json(client, path: str):
+        if path == "/nodes":
+            return [{"node": "pve1", "status": "online", "maxcpu": 8}]
+        if path == "/nodes/pve1/qemu":
+            return [{"vmid": 101, "name": "web", "status": "stopped"}]  # stopped: no agent IP
+        if path == "/nodes/pve1/lxc":
+            return [{"vmid": 200, "name": "db", "status": "running"}]
+        if path == "/nodes/pve1/qemu/101/config":
+            return {"net0": "virtio=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF,bridge=vmbr0"}
+        if path == "/nodes/pve1/lxc/200/config":
+            return {"net0": "name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,hwaddr=11:22:33:44:55:66,ip=10.0.0.6/24"}
+        return None
+
+    with patch.object(svc, "_get_json", new=AsyncMock(side_effect=fake_get_json)):
+        nodes, _ = await svc.fetch_proxmox_inventory("h", 8006, "u@pam!t", "sec")
+
+    vm = next(n for n in nodes if n["type"] == "vm")
+    assert vm["mac"] == "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff"  # captured even though VM is stopped (no IP)
+    assert vm["ip"] is None
+    ct = next(n for n in nodes if n["type"] == "lxc")
+    assert ct["mac"] == "11:22:33:44:55:66"
+    assert ct["ip"] == "10.0.0.6"
+
+
 def test_host_and_guest_node_mapping() -> None:
     host = svc._host_node({"node": "pve1", "status": "online", "maxcpu": 8, "maxmem": 16 * 1024 ** 3, "maxdisk": 500 * 1024 ** 3})
     assert host["type"] == "proxmox"

backend/tests/test_scanner.py

@@ -577,6 +577,44 @@ async def test_run_scan_mdns_only_device_added(mem_db):
     assert device.discovery_source == "mdns"
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_run_scan_merges_proxmox_row_by_mac(mem_db):
+    """A scan reconciles a prior Proxmox-imported row by MAC: fills the IP,
+    unions the source, keeps the vm type, and does not duplicate."""
+    from app.services.scanner import run_scan
+
+    run_id = _make_run_id()
+    async with mem_db() as session:
+        session.add(_make_scan_run(run_id))
+        # Previously imported from Proxmox: no IP, known NIC MAC, vm type.
+        session.add(PendingDevice(
+            id="pve-row", ieee_address="pve-pve1-101", ip=None,
+            mac="bc:24:11:aa:bb:cc", suggested_type="vm", status="pending",
+            discovery_source="proxmox", discovery_sources=["proxmox"],
+        ))
+        await session.commit()
+
+    # Scan sees the same box (same MAC, different casing) with a live IP.
+    nmap_hosts = [{"ip": "192.168.1.50", "hostname": "web.lan",
+                   "mac": "BC:24:11:AA:BB:CC", "os": None, "open_ports": []}]
+
+    async with mem_db() as session:
+        with patch("app.services.scanner._nmap_scan", return_value=nmap_hosts), \
+             patch("app.services.scanner._mdns_discover", new_callable=AsyncMock, return_value=[]), \
+             patch("app.api.routes.status.broadcast_scan_update", new_callable=AsyncMock):
+            await run_scan(["192.168.1.0/24"], session, run_id)
+
+    async with mem_db() as session:
+        rows = (await session.execute(sa_select(PendingDevice))).scalars().all()
+
+    assert len(rows) == 1                                  # merged, not duplicated
+    row = rows[0]
+    assert row.ip == "192.168.1.50"                        # scan filled the IP
+    assert row.mac == "bc:24:11:aa:bb:cc"                  # normalized
+    assert row.suggested_type == "vm"                      # kept proxmox type
+    assert set(row.discovery_sources) == {"proxmox", "arp"}  # both filters
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_run_scan_mdns_skipped_if_already_in_nmap(mem_db):
     """If nmap and mDNS both find the same IP, it should not be double-counted."""

frontend/src/components/modals/PendingDeviceModal.tsx

@@ -21,6 +21,10 @@ export interface PendingDevice {
   suggested_type: string | null
   status: string
   discovery_source: string | null
+  // All sources that have observed this device (e.g. ["arp", "proxmox"]). A
+  // merged device shows under every matching filter. Falls back to
+  // [discovery_source] when absent (older rows).
+  discovery_sources?: string[]
   ieee_address?: string | null
   friendly_name?: string | null
   device_subtype?: string | null

frontend/src/components/modals/PendingDevicesModal.tsx

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import { buildZwaveProperties, isZwaveType } from '@/utils/zwaveProperties'
 import { buildMacProperty } from '@/utils/macProperty'
 import { formatRelative, formatTimestamp } from '@/utils/timeFormat'
 import { getCenteredPosition } from '@/utils/viewportCenter'
+import { sourceBuckets, orderedSources, SOURCE_META, type SourceBucket } from '@/utils/pendingSources'
 
 interface PendingDevicesModalProps {
   open: boolean
@@ -74,18 +75,9 @@ const TYPE_ICONS: Record<string, React.ElementType> = {
   generic: Circle,
 }
 
-type SourceFilter = 'all' | 'ip' | 'zigbee' | 'zwave' | 'proxmox'
+type SourceFilter = 'all' | SourceBucket
 type StatusFilter = 'pending' | 'hidden'
 
-function inferSource(d: PendingDevice): 'zigbee' | 'zwave' | 'proxmox' | 'ip' {
-  if (d.discovery_source === 'zwave') return 'zwave'
-  if (d.discovery_source === 'zigbee') return 'zigbee'
-  if (d.discovery_source === 'proxmox') return 'proxmox'
-  // Proxmox devices carry a synthetic 'pve-' ieee but are IP hosts, not mesh.
-  if (d.ieee_address && !d.ieee_address.startsWith('pve-')) return 'zigbee'
-  return 'ip'
-}
-
 const COMMON_PORTS = new Set([22, 80, 443])
 
 function specialServiceName(d: PendingDevice): string | undefined {
@@ -162,7 +154,7 @@ export function PendingDevicesModal({ open, onClose, highlightId, initialStatus
   const filtered = useMemo(() => {
     const q = search.trim().toLowerCase()
     return devices.filter((d) => {
-      if (sourceFilter !== 'all' && inferSource(d) !== sourceFilter) return false
+      if (sourceFilter !== 'all' && !sourceBuckets(d).has(sourceFilter)) return false
       if (typeFilter !== 'all' && d.suggested_type !== typeFilter) return false
       // Inventory-only: optionally hide devices already placed on a canvas.
       if (statusFilter === 'pending' && !showOnCanvas && (d.canvas_count ?? 0) > 0) return false
@@ -656,7 +648,7 @@ interface DeviceCardProps {
 }
 
 function DeviceCard({ device, selected, selectMode, highlighted, onClick, cardRef }: DeviceCardProps) {
-  const source = inferSource(device)
+  const sources = orderedSources(device)
   const roleType = (device.suggested_type ?? 'generic') as NodeType
   const Icon = TYPE_ICONS[roleType] ?? Circle
   const activeTheme = useThemeStore((s) => s.activeTheme)
@@ -664,16 +656,6 @@ function DeviceCard({ device, selected, selectMode, highlighted, onClick, cardRe
   // (from the active theme / style section), instead of a flat grey.
   const roleColor = resolveNodeColors({ type: roleType, custom_colors: undefined }, activeTheme).border
   const label = deviceLabel(device)
-  const sourceColor =
-    source === 'zigbee' ? '#00d4ff'
-    : source === 'zwave' ? '#ff6e00'
-    : source === 'proxmox' ? '#e57000'
-    : '#a855f7'
-  const sourceLabel =
-    source === 'zigbee' ? 'ZIGBEE'
-    : source === 'zwave' ? 'Z-WAVE'
-    : source === 'proxmox' ? 'PROXMOX'
-    : (device.discovery_source ?? 'IP').toUpperCase()
   const services = device.services ?? []
   const visibleServices = services.slice(0, 4)
   const moreServices = services.length - visibleServices.length
@@ -737,12 +719,15 @@ function DeviceCard({ device, selected, selectMode, highlighted, onClick, cardRe
         <div className="flex-1 min-w-0">
           <div className="text-sm font-medium text-foreground break-all leading-snug">{label}</div>
           <div className="flex items-center gap-1 mt-0.5 flex-wrap">
-            <span
+            {sources.map((s) => (
-              className="text-[9px] font-mono px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded uppercase tracking-wider"
+              <span
-              style={{ background: `${sourceColor}22`, color: sourceColor }}
+                key={s}
-            >
+                className="text-[9px] font-mono px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded uppercase tracking-wider"
-              {sourceLabel}
+                style={{ background: `${SOURCE_META[s].color}22`, color: SOURCE_META[s].color }}
-            </span>
+              >
+                {SOURCE_META[s].label}
+              </span>
+            ))}
             {device.suggested_type && (
               <span
                 className="text-[9px] font-mono px-1.5 py-0.5 rounded uppercase tracking-wider"

frontend/src/utils/__tests__/pendingSources.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { sourceBuckets, orderedSources } from '../pendingSources'
+import type { PendingDevice } from '@/components/modals/PendingDeviceModal'
+
+function device(overrides: Partial<PendingDevice> = {}): PendingDevice {
+  return {
+    id: 'd1',
+    ip: null,
+    mac: null,
+    hostname: null,
+    os: null,
+    services: [],
+    suggested_type: null,
+    status: 'pending',
+    discovery_source: null,
+    discovered_at: '2026-07-05T00:00:00Z',
+    ...overrides,
+  }
+}
+
+describe('sourceBuckets', () => {
+  it('returns both IP and Proxmox for a merged device', () => {
+    const buckets = sourceBuckets(device({ discovery_sources: ['arp', 'proxmox'] }))
+    expect([...buckets].sort()).toEqual(['ip', 'proxmox'])
+  })
+
+  it('maps arp and mdns to the single ip bucket', () => {
+    expect([...sourceBuckets(device({ discovery_sources: ['arp'] }))]).toEqual(['ip'])
+    expect([...sourceBuckets(device({ discovery_sources: ['mdns'] }))]).toEqual(['ip'])
+  })
+
+  it('falls back to legacy discovery_source when discovery_sources is empty', () => {
+    expect([...sourceBuckets(device({ discovery_source: 'zigbee' }))]).toEqual(['zigbee'])
+    expect([...sourceBuckets(device({ discovery_source: 'proxmox' }))]).toEqual(['proxmox'])
+  })
+
+  it('uses the ieee heuristic when no source is recorded', () => {
+    // Mesh device (non-pve ieee) with no discovery_source → zigbee.
+    expect([...sourceBuckets(device({ ieee_address: '0x00124b00' }))]).toEqual(['zigbee'])
+    // Nothing at all → ip.
+    expect([...sourceBuckets(device())]).toEqual(['ip'])
+  })
+})
+
+describe('orderedSources', () => {
+  it('renders IP before Proxmox regardless of input order', () => {
+    expect(orderedSources(device({ discovery_sources: ['proxmox', 'arp'] }))).toEqual(['ip', 'proxmox'])
+  })
+})

frontend/src/utils/pendingSources.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+/** Discovery-source bucketing for pending inventory devices.
+ *
+ * A device may be observed by more than one discovery path (e.g. an IP scan and
+ * a Proxmox import); `discovery_sources` holds every one. These helpers map that
+ * raw list to the UI's filter/badge buckets so a merged device shows under each
+ * matching filter and renders one badge per source.
+ */
+import type { PendingDevice } from '@/components/modals/PendingDeviceModal'
+
+export type SourceBucket = 'ip' | 'zigbee' | 'zwave' | 'proxmox'
+
+export const SOURCE_META: Record<SourceBucket, { color: string; label: string }> = {
+  zigbee: { color: '#00d4ff', label: 'ZIGBEE' },
+  zwave: { color: '#ff6e00', label: 'Z-WAVE' },
+  proxmox: { color: '#e57000', label: 'PROXMOX' },
+  ip: { color: '#a855f7', label: 'IP' },
+}
+
+// Stable badge order (IP first — it's the primary discovery path).
+const SOURCE_ORDER: SourceBucket[] = ['ip', 'proxmox', 'zigbee', 'zwave']
+
+/** Every source bucket that has observed this device. A device found by both an
+ *  IP scan and a Proxmox import returns {ip, proxmox}. */
+export function sourceBuckets(d: PendingDevice): Set<SourceBucket> {
+  const raw = d.discovery_sources && d.discovery_sources.length > 0
+    ? d.discovery_sources
+    : d.discovery_source ? [d.discovery_source] : []
+  const buckets = new Set<SourceBucket>()
+  for (const s of raw) {
+    if (s === 'zwave') buckets.add('zwave')
+    else if (s === 'zigbee') buckets.add('zigbee')
+    else if (s === 'proxmox') buckets.add('proxmox')
+    else buckets.add('ip') // arp / mdns / anything else → IP scan
+  }
+  if (buckets.size === 0) {
+    // No source recorded — legacy heuristic (mesh rows carry a non-pve ieee).
+    if (d.ieee_address && !d.ieee_address.startsWith('pve-')) buckets.add('zigbee')
+    else buckets.add('ip')
+  }
+  return buckets
+}
+
+/** Ordered bucket list for badge rendering. */
+export function orderedSources(d: PendingDevice): SourceBucket[] {
+  const buckets = sourceBuckets(d)
+  return SOURCE_ORDER.filter((b) => buckets.has(b))
+}