diff --git a/frontend/src/components/modals/GroupRectModal.tsx b/frontend/src/components/modals/GroupRectModal.tsx
index b9a4027..e698ce2 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/modals/GroupRectModal.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/modals/GroupRectModal.tsx
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input'
 import { Label } from '@/components/ui/label'
 import { Select, SelectContent, SelectItem, SelectTrigger, SelectValue } from '@/components/ui/select'
 import type { TextPosition } from '@/types'
+import { hexToRgba, rgbaToHex8 } from '@/utils/colorUtils'
 
 export type BorderStyle = 'solid' | 'dashed' | 'dotted' | 'double' | 'none'
 
@@ -204,23 +205,35 @@ export function GroupRectModal({ open, onClose, onSubmit, onDelete, initial, tit
           <div className="flex flex-col gap-1.5">
             <Label className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Colors</Label>
             <div className="grid grid-cols-3 gap-2">
-              {colorFields.map(({ key, label }) => (
-                <div key={key} className="flex flex-col gap-1 items-center">
-                  <label
-                    className="relative w-full h-7 rounded-md border cursor-pointer overflow-hidden"
-                    style={{ borderColor: '#30363d' }}
-                  >
+              {colorFields.map(({ key, label }) => {
+                const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba(form[key])
+                return (
+                  <div key={key} className="flex flex-col gap-1 items-center">
+                    <label
+                      className="relative w-full h-7 rounded-md border cursor-pointer overflow-hidden"
+                      style={{ borderColor: '#30363d' }}
+                    >
+                      <input
+                        type="color"
+                        value={hex6}
+                        onChange={(e) => set(key, rgbaToHex8(e.target.value, alpha))}
+                        className="absolute inset-0 w-full h-full cursor-pointer opacity-0"
+                      />
+                      <div className="w-full h-full rounded-sm" style={{ background: form[key] }} />
+                    </label>
                     <input
-                      type="color"
-                      value={form[key]}
-                      onChange={(e) => set(key, e.target.value)}
-                      className="absolute inset-0 w-full h-full cursor-pointer opacity-0"
+                      type="range"
+                      min={0}
+                      max={100}
+                      value={alpha}
+                      onChange={(e) => set(key, rgbaToHex8(hex6, Number(e.target.value)))}
+                      className="w-full h-1 accent-[#00d4ff] cursor-pointer"
+                      title={`Opacity: ${alpha}%`}
                     />
-                    <div className="w-full h-full rounded-sm" style={{ background: form[key] }} />
-                  </label>
-                  <span className="text-[9px] text-muted-foreground/60">{label}</span>
-                </div>
-              ))}
+                    <span className="text-[9px] text-muted-foreground/60">{label} {alpha}%</span>
+                  </div>
+                )
+              })}
             </div>
           </div>
 
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/modals/__tests__/GroupRectModal.test.tsx b/frontend/src/components/modals/__tests__/GroupRectModal.test.tsx
index 7c7233c..4190bca 100644
--- a/frontend/src/components/modals/__tests__/GroupRectModal.test.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/components/modals/__tests__/GroupRectModal.test.tsx
@@ -251,4 +251,60 @@ describe('GroupRectModal', () => {
     const submitted = onSubmit.mock.calls[0][0] as GroupRectFormData
     expect(submitted.border_style).toBe('solid')
   })
+
+  it('shows opacity sliders for all three color fields', () => {
+    render(<GroupRectModal open onClose={vi.fn()} onSubmit={vi.fn()} />)
+    const sliders = screen.getAllByRole('slider')
+    expect(sliders).toHaveLength(3)
+  })
+
+  it('default background_color is 8-digit hex with low alpha', () => {
+    const onSubmit = vi.fn()
+    render(<GroupRectModal open onClose={vi.fn()} onSubmit={onSubmit} />)
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText('Add'))
+    const submitted = onSubmit.mock.calls[0][0] as GroupRectFormData
+    expect(submitted.background_color).toBe('#00d4ff0d')
+    expect(submitted.background_color.length).toBe(9)
+  })
+
+  it('moving background opacity slider updates background_color alpha', () => {
+    const onSubmit = vi.fn()
+    render(<GroupRectModal open onClose={vi.fn()} onSubmit={onSubmit} />)
+    // background slider is the third one (Text, Border, Background)
+    const sliders = screen.getAllByRole('slider')
+    fireEvent.change(sliders[2], { target: { value: '50' } })
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText('Add'))
+    const submitted = onSubmit.mock.calls[0][0] as GroupRectFormData
+    // alpha 50% → 0x80 = 128
+    expect(submitted.background_color).toBe('#00d4ff80')
+  })
+
+  it('moving border opacity slider to 0 makes border fully transparent', () => {
+    const onSubmit = vi.fn()
+    render(<GroupRectModal open onClose={vi.fn()} onSubmit={onSubmit} />)
+    const sliders = screen.getAllByRole('slider')
+    fireEvent.change(sliders[1], { target: { value: '0' } })
+    fireEvent.click(screen.getByText('Add'))
+    const submitted = onSubmit.mock.calls[0][0] as GroupRectFormData
+    expect(submitted.border_color).toBe('#00d4ff00')
+  })
+
+  it('pre-fills opacity from 8-digit initial background_color', () => {
+    render(
+      <GroupRectModal
+        open
+        onClose={vi.fn()}
+        onSubmit={vi.fn()}
+        initial={{ background_color: '#ff6e0080' }}
+      />
+    )
+    const sliders = screen.getAllByRole('slider')
+    expect((sliders[2] as HTMLInputElement).value).toBe('50')
+  })
+
+  it('shows opacity percentage in label', () => {
+    render(<GroupRectModal open onClose={vi.fn()} onSubmit={vi.fn()} />)
+    // Background default is 5% opacity
+    expect(screen.getByText(/Background 5%/)).toBeInTheDocument()
+  })
 })
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/__tests__/colorUtils.test.ts b/frontend/src/utils/__tests__/colorUtils.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bb2b98f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/__tests__/colorUtils.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { hexToRgba, rgbaToHex8 } from '../colorUtils'
+
+describe('hexToRgba', () => {
+  it('splits 8-digit hex into hex6 and alpha', () => {
+    const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba('#00d4ff0d')
+    expect(hex6).toBe('#00d4ff')
+    expect(alpha).toBe(5)
+  })
+
+  it('handles fully opaque 8-digit hex (ff)', () => {
+    const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba('#00d4ffff')
+    expect(hex6).toBe('#00d4ff')
+    expect(alpha).toBe(100)
+  })
+
+  it('handles fully transparent 8-digit hex (00)', () => {
+    const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba('#00d4ff00')
+    expect(hex6).toBe('#00d4ff')
+    expect(alpha).toBe(0)
+  })
+
+  it('defaults alpha to 100 for 6-digit hex', () => {
+    const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba('#00d4ff')
+    expect(hex6).toBe('#00d4ff')
+    expect(alpha).toBe(100)
+  })
+
+  it('handles 6-digit hex without leading #', () => {
+    const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba('ff6e00')
+    expect(hex6).toBe('#ff6e00')
+    expect(alpha).toBe(100)
+  })
+
+  it('handles 8-digit hex without leading #', () => {
+    const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba('ff6e0080')
+    expect(hex6).toBe('#ff6e00')
+    expect(alpha).toBe(50)
+  })
+
+  it('returns fallback for invalid input', () => {
+    const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba('invalid')
+    expect(hex6).toBe('#000000')
+    expect(alpha).toBe(100)
+  })
+
+  it('is case-insensitive', () => {
+    const { hex6 } = hexToRgba('#00D4FF0D')
+    expect(hex6).toBe('#00D4FF')
+  })
+})
+
+describe('rgbaToHex8', () => {
+  it('combines hex6 and alpha into 8-digit hex', () => {
+    expect(rgbaToHex8('#00d4ff', 5)).toBe('#00d4ff0d')
+  })
+
+  it('produces ff for alpha 100', () => {
+    expect(rgbaToHex8('#00d4ff', 100)).toBe('#00d4ffff')
+  })
+
+  it('produces 00 for alpha 0', () => {
+    expect(rgbaToHex8('#00d4ff', 0)).toBe('#00d4ff00')
+  })
+
+  it('produces 80 for alpha 50', () => {
+    expect(rgbaToHex8('#ff6e00', 50)).toBe('#ff6e0080')
+  })
+
+  it('clamps alpha below 0 to 0', () => {
+    expect(rgbaToHex8('#ffffff', -10)).toBe('#ffffff00')
+  })
+
+  it('clamps alpha above 100 to 100', () => {
+    expect(rgbaToHex8('#ffffff', 150)).toBe('#ffffffff')
+  })
+
+  it('pads single-digit alpha hex with leading zero', () => {
+    const result = rgbaToHex8('#000000', 1)
+    const alphaPart = result.slice(7)
+    expect(alphaPart.length).toBe(2)
+  })
+})
+
+describe('round-trip', () => {
+  it('hexToRgba → rgbaToHex8 round-trips correctly', () => {
+    const original = '#00d4ff0d'
+    const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba(original)
+    expect(rgbaToHex8(hex6, alpha)).toBe(original)
+  })
+
+  it('round-trips fully opaque color', () => {
+    const original = '#a855f7ff'
+    const { hex6, alpha } = hexToRgba(original)
+    expect(rgbaToHex8(hex6, alpha)).toBe(original)
+  })
+})
diff --git a/frontend/src/utils/colorUtils.ts b/frontend/src/utils/colorUtils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e62436
--- /dev/null
+++ b/frontend/src/utils/colorUtils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+/**
+ * Split a 6- or 8-digit hex color into its RGB hex and alpha (0–100).
+ * 6-digit input returns alpha 100.
+ * Invalid input returns { hex6: '#000000', alpha: 100 }.
+ */
+export function hexToRgba(hex: string): { hex6: string; alpha: number } {
+  const clean = hex.replace('#', '')
+  if (clean.length === 8) {
+    const alphaByte = parseInt(clean.slice(6, 8), 16)
+    return {
+      hex6: `#${clean.slice(0, 6)}`,
+      alpha: Math.round((alphaByte / 255) * 100),
+    }
+  }
+  if (clean.length === 6) {
+    return { hex6: `#${clean}`, alpha: 100 }
+  }
+  return { hex6: '#000000', alpha: 100 }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Combine a 6-digit hex color and an alpha (0–100) into an 8-digit hex.
+ */
+export function rgbaToHex8(hex6: string, alpha: number): string {
+  const clamped = Math.max(0, Math.min(100, alpha))
+  const alphaByte = Math.round((clamped / 100) * 255)
+  const alphaHex = alphaByte.toString(16).padStart(2, '0')
+  return `${hex6}${alphaHex}`
+}