feat: add stop scan button in UI with backend cancellation support

- POST /scan/{run_id}/stop endpoint signals running scan to cancel
- Scanner checks cancellation flag between CIDR ranges and hosts, exits early
- Cancelled scans get status 'cancelled' instead of 'done'
- Stop button (red StopCircle) shown in Scan History panel for running scans
- 6 new backend tests, 5 new frontend tests

backend/app/api/routes/scan.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ from app.db.database import AsyncSessionLocal, get_db
 from app.db.models import Node, PendingDevice, ScanRun
 from app.schemas.nodes import NodeCreate
 from app.schemas.scan import PendingDeviceResponse, ScanRunResponse
-from app.services.scanner import run_scan
+from app.services.scanner import request_cancel, run_scan
 
 
 class ScanConfig(BaseModel):
@@ -43,6 +43,21 @@ async def trigger_scan(
     return run
 
 
+@router.post("/{run_id}/stop", response_model=dict)
+async def stop_scan(
+    run_id: str,
+    db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db),
+    _: str = Depends(get_current_user),
+) -> dict[str, bool]:
+    run = await db.get(ScanRun, run_id)
+    if not run:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail="Scan run not found")
+    if run.status != "running":
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail="Scan is not running")
+    request_cancel(run_id)
+    return {"stopping": True}
+
+
 @router.get("/pending", response_model=list[PendingDeviceResponse])
 async def list_pending(db: AsyncSession = Depends(get_db), _: str = Depends(get_current_user)) -> list[PendingDevice]:
     result = await db.execute(select(PendingDevice).where(PendingDevice.status == "pending"))

backend/app/services/scanner.py

@@ -12,6 +12,19 @@ from app.services.fingerprint import fingerprint_ports, suggest_node_type
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# Run IDs that have been requested to cancel
+_cancelled_runs: set[str] = set()
+
+
+def request_cancel(run_id: str) -> None:
+    """Signal a running scan to stop early."""
+    _cancelled_runs.add(run_id)
+
+
+def _is_cancelled(run_id: str) -> bool:
+    return run_id in _cancelled_runs
+
+
 try:
     import nmap
     _NMAP_AVAILABLE = True
@@ -123,10 +136,15 @@ async def run_scan(ranges: list[str], db: AsyncSession, run_id: str) -> None:
             await db.commit()
 
         for cidr in ranges:
+            if _is_cancelled(run_id):
+                break
+
             # Run nmap in a thread pool — does not block the event loop
             hosts = await asyncio.to_thread(_nmap_scan, cidr)
 
             for host in hosts:
+                if _is_cancelled(run_id):
+                    break
                 ip = host["ip"]
 
                 # Skip if device is already in the canvas (approved node)
@@ -190,10 +208,10 @@ async def run_scan(ranges: list[str], db: AsyncSession, run_id: str) -> None:
                 # Push WS event so the frontend refreshes pending panel
                 await broadcast_scan_update(run_id=run_id, devices_found=devices_found)
 
-        # Mark scan as done
+        # Mark scan as done or cancelled
         run = await db.get(ScanRun, run_id)
         if run:
-            run.status = "done"
+            run.status = "cancelled" if _is_cancelled(run_id) else "done"
             run.devices_found = devices_found
             run.finished_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
             await db.commit()
@@ -206,3 +224,5 @@ async def run_scan(ranges: list[str], db: AsyncSession, run_id: str) -> None:
             run.error = str(exc)
             run.finished_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
             await db.commit()
+    finally:
+        _cancelled_runs.discard(run_id)

backend/tests/test_scan.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-"""Tests for scan routes: trigger, pending devices, approve/hide/ignore."""
+"""Tests for scan routes: trigger, pending devices, approve/hide/ignore, stop."""
 import uuid
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
 
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import select
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
 
 from app.db.models import Node, PendingDevice, ScanRun
-from app.services.scanner import run_scan
+from app.services.scanner import _cancelled_runs, request_cancel, run_scan
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -312,6 +312,99 @@ async def test_run_scan_skips_hidden_device(db_session: AsyncSession):
     assert result.scalar_one_or_none() is None
 
 
+# --- Stop scan ---
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_stop_scan_requires_auth(client: AsyncClient):
+    res = await client.post("/api/v1/scan/fake-id/stop")
+    assert res.status_code == 401
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_stop_scan_not_found(client: AsyncClient, headers):
+    res = await client.post("/api/v1/scan/nonexistent-id/stop", headers=headers)
+    assert res.status_code == 404
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_stop_scan_not_running(client: AsyncClient, headers, db_session: AsyncSession):
+    run = ScanRun(id=str(uuid.uuid4()), status="done", ranges=["192.168.1.0/24"])
+    db_session.add(run)
+    await db_session.commit()
+
+    res = await client.post(f"/api/v1/scan/{run.id}/stop", headers=headers)
+    assert res.status_code == 409
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_stop_scan_success(client: AsyncClient, headers, db_session: AsyncSession):
+    run = ScanRun(id=str(uuid.uuid4()), status="running", ranges=["192.168.1.0/24"])
+    db_session.add(run)
+    await db_session.commit()
+
+    res = await client.post(f"/api/v1/scan/{run.id}/stop", headers=headers)
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    assert res.json() == {"stopping": True}
+    # run_id added to cancel set
+    assert run.id in _cancelled_runs
+    # cleanup for other tests
+    _cancelled_runs.discard(run.id)
+
+
+# --- run_scan cancellation ---
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_run_scan_cancelled_marks_status(db_session: AsyncSession):
+    """When cancel is requested before the scan starts, status becomes 'cancelled'."""
+    run_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+    run = ScanRun(id=run_id, status="running", ranges=["192.168.1.0/24"])
+    db_session.add(run)
+    await db_session.commit()
+
+    request_cancel(run_id)
+
+    with (
+        patch("app.services.scanner._nmap_scan", return_value=[MOCK_HOST]) as mock_nmap,
+        patch("app.api.routes.status.broadcast_scan_update", new_callable=AsyncMock),
+    ):
+        await run_scan(["192.168.1.0/24"], db_session, run_id)
+        # nmap should not have been called — cancelled before first range
+        mock_nmap.assert_not_called()
+
+    await db_session.refresh(run)
+    assert run.status == "cancelled"
+    assert run.finished_at is not None
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_run_scan_cancelled_mid_scan_skips_remaining_cidrs(db_session: AsyncSession):
+    """Cancel flag set after first CIDR is started prevents processing of the second CIDR."""
+    run_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
+    run = ScanRun(id=run_id, status="running", ranges=["10.0.0.0/24", "10.0.1.0/24"])
+    db_session.add(run)
+    await db_session.commit()
+
+    call_count = 0
+
+    def nmap_side_effect(target: str):
+        nonlocal call_count
+        call_count += 1
+        # Signal cancellation after the first CIDR scan completes
+        if call_count == 1:
+            request_cancel(run_id)
+        return []
+
+    with (
+        patch("app.services.scanner._nmap_scan", side_effect=nmap_side_effect),
+        patch("app.api.routes.status.broadcast_scan_update", new_callable=AsyncMock),
+    ):
+        await run_scan(["10.0.0.0/24", "10.0.1.0/24"], db_session, run_id)
+
+    assert call_count == 1  # second CIDR was skipped
+    await db_session.refresh(run)
+    assert run.status == "cancelled"
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_run_scan_updates_existing_pending_device(db_session: AsyncSession):
     """Re-scanning the same IP updates services instead of creating a duplicate."""