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colibri/c/backend_metal.mm
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monotophic 8efa9ec6c3 E5: hazard-audit round-2 fixes (re-register set hygiene, SUMMARY mutex ref)
1. DEFENSIVE (backend_metal.mm, coli_metal_register): re-registering a live
   base overwrote s.buf and resset_add'ed the new wrapper without removing
   the OLD one from the residency set -- ARC drops our reference but the set
   retains the object and keeps its pages resident: a leak and a
   set/g_slabs divergence. The found branch now stashes the replaced
   wrapper under g_slab_mtx and, after dropping the lock (round-1 invariant:
   no Metal call under the slab lock), resset_remove(old)s it before
   resset_add(b); identical old==b early-outs both set operations.
   Invariant defended, stated in the comment: residency-set membership
   mirrors g_slabs exactly. No in-tree caller re-registers a live base
   today (audited) -- closed defensively.

2. DOC (SUMMARY.md): the moe_submit lifecycle bullet still said
   resset_flush commits "under g_slab_mtx" -- stale text from before the
   round-1 mutex split; the code takes g_resset_mtx and never touches the
   slab lock there. Parenthetical corrected; register bullet updated to
   describe the re-register hygiene from item 1.
2026-07-19 09:13:23 -07:00

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// Apple-GPU (Metal) backend for colibrì. Runtime-compiled shader (no Xcode needed),
// zero-copy over unified memory. See backend_metal.h and docs/plans/2026-07-10-*.
#import <Metal/Metal.h>
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#include "backend_metal.h"
#include <cstring>
#include <vector>
#include <mutex>
// ---- shader: general quantized GEMV, one threadgroup per output element (o,si) ----
// y[si,o] = (sum_i dequant(W[o,i]) * x[si,i]) * scale[o]. fmt: 0=f32 1=i8 2=i4 3=i2.
static const char *SHADER = R"METAL(
#include <metal_stdlib>
using namespace metal;
kernel void mm_gemv(device const uchar* w [[buffer(0)]], // raw weight bytes
device const float* scale [[buffer(1)]], // [O]
device const float* x [[buffer(2)]], // [S,I]
device float* y [[buffer(3)]], // [S,O]
constant int& S [[buffer(4)]], constant int& I [[buffer(5)]],
constant int& O [[buffer(6)]], constant int& fmt [[buffer(7)]],
constant int& NT [[buffer(8)]],
uint tg [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
uint slane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
uint sgid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
// one SIMDGROUP per output element, 4 per threadgroup, 8-value loads (see moe_gemv)
long row = (long)tg*4 + sgid; if (row >= NT) return;
int o = row % O, si = row / O;
device const float* xr = x + (long)si * I;
device const float4* x4 = (device const float4*)xr;
int I8 = (I & 7) ? 0 : (I/8);
float acc = 0.0f;
if (fmt == 1) { // int8
device const char* wr = (device const char*)(w) + (long)o * I;
device const char4* w4 = (device const char4*)wr;
for (int c = slane; c < I8; c += 32) acc += dot(float4(w4[2*c]),x4[2*c]) + dot(float4(w4[2*c+1]),x4[2*c+1]);
for (int i = I8*8 + slane; i < I; i += 32) acc += float(wr[i]) * xr[i];
} else if (fmt == 2) { // int4 packed, rb=(I+1)/2
int rb = (I+1)/2;
device const uchar* wr = w + (long)o * rb;
device const uchar4* w4 = (device const uchar4*)wr;
for (int c = slane; c < I8; c += 32) { uchar4 b = w4[c];
float4 w0 = float4(float(int(b.x&0xF)-8), float(int(b.x>>4)-8), float(int(b.y&0xF)-8), float(int(b.y>>4)-8));
float4 w1 = float4(float(int(b.z&0xF)-8), float(int(b.z>>4)-8), float(int(b.w&0xF)-8), float(int(b.w>>4)-8));
acc += dot(w0,x4[2*c]) + dot(w1,x4[2*c+1]);
}
for (int i = I8*8 + slane; i < I; i += 32) {
uchar b = wr[i>>1]; int v = (i&1) ? (b>>4) : (b&0xF); acc += float(v-8) * xr[i];
}
} else if (fmt == 3) { // int2 packed, rb=(I+3)/4
int rb = (I+3)/4;
device const uchar* wr = w + (long)o * rb;
for (int i = slane; i < I; i += 32) {
uchar b = wr[i>>2]; int v = (b >> (2*(i&3))) & 0x3; acc += float(v-2) * xr[i];
}
} else { // f32
device const float* wr = (device const float*)(w) + (long)o * I;
device const float4* w4 = (device const float4*)wr;
for (int c = slane; c < I8; c += 32) acc += dot(w4[2*c],x4[2*c]) + dot(w4[2*c+1],x4[2*c+1]);
for (int i = I8*8 + slane; i < I; i += 32) acc += wr[i] * xr[i];
}
acc = simd_sum(acc);
if (slane == 0) y[row] = acc * scale[o];
}
// Batched bindless expert GEMV: each row gr belongs to expert erow[gr], whose weight and
// scale live at gpuAddresses waddr[e]/saddr[e] (zero-copy in the RAM slab). fmt 1=i8, 2=i4.
// One SIMDGROUP per output row, 4 rows/threadgroup, 8-value loads: measured 1.5-2.1x over
// one-threadgroup-per-row with uchar2 loads (358-389 GB/s on engine-like block shapes).
kernel void moe_gemv(device const ulong* waddr [[buffer(0)]], device const ulong* saddr [[buffer(1)]],
device const int* erow [[buffer(2)]], device const float* xin [[buffer(3)]],
device float* yout [[buffer(4)]],
constant int& O [[buffer(5)]], constant int& K [[buffer(6)]],
constant int& Kin [[buffer(7)]], constant int& fmt [[buffer(8)]],
constant int& NT [[buffer(9)]],
uint tg [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
uint slane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]],
uint sgid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
long row = (long)tg*4 + sgid; if (row >= NT) return;
int gr = row / O, o = row % O; int e = erow[gr]; int K8 = (K & 7) ? 0 : (K/8);
device const float* xr = xin + (long)gr * Kin;
device const float* sc = (device const float*)(saddr[e]);
device const float4* x4 = (device const float4*)xr;
float acc = 0.0f;
if (fmt == 2) { int rb=(K+1)/2; device const uchar* w=(device const uchar*)(waddr[e])+(long)o*rb;
device const uchar4* w4=(device const uchar4*)w;
for(int c=slane;c<K8;c+=32){ uchar4 b=w4[c];
float4 w0=float4(float(int(b.x&0xF)-8),float(int(b.x>>4)-8),float(int(b.y&0xF)-8),float(int(b.y>>4)-8));
float4 w1=float4(float(int(b.z&0xF)-8),float(int(b.z>>4)-8),float(int(b.w&0xF)-8),float(int(b.w>>4)-8));
acc+=dot(w0,x4[2*c])+dot(w1,x4[2*c+1]); }
for(int i=K8*8+slane;i<K;i+=32){ uchar b=w[i>>1]; int v=(i&1)?(b>>4):(b&0xF); acc+=float(v-8)*xr[i]; }
} else { device const char* w=(device const char*)(waddr[e])+(long)o*K;
device const char4* w4=(device const char4*)w;
for(int c=slane;c<K8;c+=32) acc+=dot(float4(w4[2*c]),x4[2*c])+dot(float4(w4[2*c+1]),x4[2*c+1]);
for(int i=K8*8+slane;i<K;i+=32) acc+=float(w[i])*xr[i];
}
acc=simd_sum(acc);
if(slane==0) yout[row]=acc*sc[o];
}
kernel void moe_silu(device float* g [[buffer(0)]], device const float* u [[buffer(1)]],
uint i [[thread_position_in_grid]]) { float v=g[i]; g[i]=(v/(1.0f+exp(-v)))*u[i]; }
// ===== Fused decode attention (GLM-5.2 dims, S=1) =====
constant int A_HID=6144, A_H=64, A_QLORA=2048, A_KVL=512, A_NOPE=192, A_ROPE=64, A_VH=256;
constant int A_QH=256 /*nope+rope*/, A_ROWSH=448 /*nope+vh*/;
// per-row in-place RMSNorm: row = threadgroup index, x[row*n + i]. grid = nrows threadgroups.
kernel void a_rmsnorm(device float* x [[buffer(0)]], device const float* w [[buffer(1)]],
constant int& n [[buffer(2)]], constant float& eps [[buffer(3)]],
uint row [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], uint lid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], uint tgsz [[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
device float* xr=x+(long)row*n; threadgroup float red[256];
float s=0; for(int i=lid;i<n;i+=tgsz) s+=xr[i]*xr[i];
red[lid]=s; threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
for(uint k=tgsz/2;k>0;k>>=1){ if(lid<k) red[lid]+=red[lid+k]; threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); }
float r=rsqrt(red[0]/n+eps); threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
for(int i=lid;i<n;i+=tgsz) xr[i]=xr[i]*r*w[i];
}
// interleaved partial RoPE. vv = v + base + s*rowstride + h*headstride, pos = PB+s. grid = S*nheads*(ROPE/2).
kernel void a_rope(device float* v [[buffer(0)]], constant int& base [[buffer(1)]],
constant int& rowstride [[buffer(2)]], constant int& headstride [[buffer(3)]],
constant int& nheads [[buffer(4)]], constant int& PB [[buffer(5)]],
constant float& theta [[buffer(6)]], uint gid [[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
int hlf=A_ROPE/2; int idx=gid/hlf, j=gid%hlf; int s=idx/nheads, h=idx%nheads; int pos=PB+s;
device float* vv=v+(long)base+(long)s*rowstride+(long)h*headstride;
float inv=pow(theta, -2.0f*j/A_ROPE); float ang=pos*inv, cs=cos(ang), sn=sin(ang);
float a=vv[2*j], b=vv[2*j+1]; vv[j]=a*cs-b*sn; vv[hlf+j]=b*cs+a*sn;
}
// per-row copy: dst[s*dststride + i] = src[s*srcstride + off + i]. grid = S*n.
kernel void a_copy(device const float* src [[buffer(0)]], constant int& off [[buffer(1)]], constant int& srcstride [[buffer(2)]],
device float* dst [[buffer(3)]], constant int& dststride [[buffer(4)]], constant int& n [[buffer(5)]],
uint gid [[thread_position_in_grid]]) { int s=gid/n, i=gid%n; dst[(long)s*dststride+i]=src[(long)s*srcstride+off+i]; }
// ---- absorption core (S query rows, per-row causal). q:[S,H*QH]; qabs/clat:[S*H,KVL];
// sc:[S*H,T]; ctx:[S*H,VH]. Query row s (abs pos PB+s) attends keys [0, PB+s]. ----
constant int A_QHH=A_H*A_QH;
inline float a_deqrow(device const uchar* base, int row, int i, device const float* sc){
device const uchar* w=base+(long)row*((A_KVL+1)/2); uchar b=w[i>>1]; int val=(i&1)?(b>>4):(b&0xF); return float(val-8)*sc[row]; }
kernel void a_qabs(device const uchar* kvb [[buffer(0)]], device const float* sc [[buffer(1)]],
device const float* q [[buffer(2)]], device float* qabs [[buffer(3)]],
uint gid [[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
int s=gid/(A_H*A_KVL), r=gid%(A_H*A_KVL), h=r/A_KVL, i=r%A_KVL; int rbase=h*A_ROWSH;
device const float* qp=q+(long)s*A_QHH+(long)h*A_QH;
float a=0; for(int d=0;d<A_NOPE;d++) a+=qp[d]*a_deqrow(kvb,rbase+d,i,sc); qabs[(long)(s*A_H+h)*A_KVL+i]=a;
}
kernel void a_score(device const float* qabs [[buffer(0)]], device const float* Lc [[buffer(1)]],
device const float* Rc [[buffer(2)]], device const float* q [[buffer(3)]],
device float* sc [[buffer(4)]], constant int& T [[buffer(5)]], constant float& ascale [[buffer(6)]],
constant int& PB [[buffer(7)]], uint gid [[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
int s=gid/(A_H*T), r=gid%(A_H*T), h=r/T, t=r%T; long o=(long)(s*A_H+h)*T+t;
if(t > PB+s){ sc[o]=-1e30f; return; } // causal mask
device const float* qa=qabs+(long)(s*A_H+h)*A_KVL; device const float* Lt=Lc+(long)t*A_KVL;
device const float* qr=q+(long)s*A_QHH+(long)h*A_QH+A_NOPE; device const float* Rt=Rc+(long)t*A_ROPE;
float a=0; for(int i=0;i<A_KVL;i++) a+=qa[i]*Lt[i]; for(int d=0;d<A_ROPE;d++) a+=qr[d]*Rt[d]; sc[o]=a*ascale;
}
kernel void a_smax(device float* sc [[buffer(0)]], constant int& T [[buffer(1)]],
uint sh [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]], uint lid [[thread_position_in_threadgroup]], uint tgsz [[threads_per_threadgroup]]) {
device float* s=sc+(long)sh*T; threadgroup float red[256];
float m=-1e30f; for(int t=lid;t<T;t+=tgsz) m=max(m,s[t]); red[lid]=m; threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
for(uint k=tgsz/2;k>0;k>>=1){ if(lid<k) red[lid]=max(red[lid],red[lid+k]); threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);}
float mx=red[0]; threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
float sum=0; for(int t=lid;t<T;t+=tgsz){ float e=exp(s[t]-mx); s[t]=e; sum+=e; } red[lid]=sum; threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);
for(uint k=tgsz/2;k>0;k>>=1){ if(lid<k) red[lid]+=red[lid+k]; threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup);}
float tot=red[0]; threadgroup_barrier(mem_flags::mem_threadgroup); for(int t=lid;t<T;t+=tgsz) s[t]/=tot;
}
kernel void a_clat(device const float* sc [[buffer(0)]], device const float* Lc [[buffer(1)]],
device float* clat [[buffer(2)]], constant int& T [[buffer(3)]], uint gid [[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
int sh=gid/A_KVL, i=gid%A_KVL; device const float* s=sc+(long)sh*T; float a=0;
for(int t=0;t<T;t++) a+=s[t]*Lc[(long)t*A_KVL+i]; clat[(long)sh*A_KVL+i]=a;
}
kernel void a_ctx(device const uchar* kvb [[buffer(0)]], device const float* sc [[buffer(1)]],
device const float* clat [[buffer(2)]], device float* ctx [[buffer(3)]], uint gid [[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
int sh=gid/A_VH, j=gid%A_VH, h=sh%A_H; int row=h*A_ROWSH+A_NOPE+j; device const float* cl=clat+(long)sh*A_KVL;
float a=0; for(int i=0;i<A_KVL;i++) a+=cl[i]*a_deqrow(kvb,row,i,sc); ctx[(long)sh*A_VH+j]=a;
}
// ===== full-layer tail kernels =====
// y[i] += a[i] (residual add), grid = n
kernel void a_add(device float* y [[buffer(0)]], device const float* a [[buffer(1)]],
uint i [[thread_position_in_grid]]) { y[i] += a[i]; }
// router: logit[s][e] = x[s].w_e (f32 rows [E,D]) -> sig=1/(1+exp(-logit)). One simdgroup/row.
kernel void r_router(device const float* rw [[buffer(0)]], device const float* x [[buffer(1)]],
device float* sig [[buffer(2)]], constant int& E [[buffer(3)]],
constant int& D [[buffer(4)]], constant int& NT [[buffer(5)]],
uint tg [[threadgroup_position_in_grid]],
uint slane [[thread_index_in_simdgroup]], uint sgid [[simdgroup_index_in_threadgroup]]) {
long row=(long)tg*4+sgid; if(row>=NT) return;
int e=row%E, s=row/E;
device const float4* w4=(device const float4*)(rw+(long)e*D);
device const float4* x4=(device const float4*)(x+(long)s*D);
float acc=0; int D4=D/4;
for(int c=slane;c<D4;c+=32) acc+=dot(w4[c],x4[c]);
acc=simd_sum(acc);
if(slane==0) sig[row]=1.0f/(1.0f+exp(-acc));
}
// exact replica of glm.c phase-A selection per row s (serial, deterministic ties):
// choice=sig+bias; greedy top-Ksel by choice; w=sig[best]; optional topp truncation
// (insertion-sort desc + cumulative); optional norm_topk; * routed_scale.
kernel void r_top8(device const float* sig [[buffer(0)]], device const float* bias [[buffer(1)]],
device int* idx [[buffer(2)]], device float* w [[buffer(3)]],
device int* keff [[buffer(4)]], constant int& E [[buffer(5)]],
constant int& K [[buffer(6)]], constant int& Ksel [[buffer(7)]],
constant float& topp [[buffer(8)]], constant int& normk [[buffer(9)]],
constant float& rscale [[buffer(10)]],
uint s [[thread_position_in_grid]]) {
device const float* sg=sig+(long)s*E;
device int* id_=idx+(long)s*K; device float* ww=w+(long)s*K;
for(int kk=0;kk<Ksel;kk++){ int best=-1; float bv=-1e30f;
for(int e=0;e<E;e++){ bool tk=false; for(int j=0;j<kk;j++) if(id_[j]==e){tk=true;break;}
float ch=sg[e]+bias[e];
if(!tk && ch>bv){bv=ch;best=e;} }
id_[kk]=best; ww[kk]=sg[best];
}
int Ke=Ksel;
if(topp>0.0f && topp<1.0f){
for(int a=1;a<Ksel;a++){ int ii=id_[a]; float wv=ww[a]; int b=a-1;
while(b>=0 && ww[b]<wv){ ww[b+1]=ww[b]; id_[b+1]=id_[b]; b--; } ww[b+1]=wv; id_[b+1]=ii; }
float tot=1e-20f; for(int kk=0;kk<Ksel;kk++) tot+=ww[kk];
float cum=0; for(int kk=0;kk<Ksel;kk++){ cum+=ww[kk]; if(cum>=topp*tot){ Ke=kk+1; break; } }
}
keff[s]=Ke;
if(normk){ float sm=0; for(int kk=0;kk<Ke;kk++) sm+=ww[kk]; sm+=1e-20f; for(int kk=0;kk<Ke;kk++) ww[kk]/=sm; }
for(int kk=0;kk<Ke;kk++) ww[kk]*=rscale;
}
)METAL";
struct ColiMetalTensor {
id<MTLBuffer> w; // weights (wrapped, zero-copy when page-aligned)
id<MTLBuffer> s; // scales
int fmt, I, O; size_t wbytes;
};
static id<MTLDevice> g_dev;
static id<MTLCommandQueue> g_queue;
static id<MTLComputePipelineState> g_gemv, g_moe_gemv, g_moe_silu;
static id<MTLComputePipelineState> g_a_rms, g_a_rope, g_a_copy, g_a_qabs, g_a_score, g_a_smax, g_a_clat, g_a_ctx;
static id<MTLComputePipelineState> g_a_add, g_r_router, g_r_top8;
static size_t g_tensor_count, g_tensor_bytes;
static uint64_t g_moe_ok, g_moe_fb, g_moe_experts; // GPU blocks / CPU-fallback blocks / experts on GPU
static double g_t_setup, g_t_gpu, g_t_scatter, g_t_kernel; // per-block time breakdown (seconds)
static const int TG = 128;
static MTLResourceOptions g_res_opts = MTLResourceStorageModeShared; // COLI_METAL_UNTRACKED=1 adds HazardTrackingModeUntracked
#include <mach/mach_time.h>
static double mnow(){ static mach_timebase_info_data_t tb; if(tb.denom==0) mach_timebase_info(&tb);
return (double)mach_absolute_time()*tb.numer/tb.denom/1e9; }
extern "C" void coli_metal_moe_counts(uint64_t *ok, uint64_t *fb, uint64_t *ex) {
if(ok)*ok=g_moe_ok; if(fb)*fb=g_moe_fb; if(ex)*ex=g_moe_experts;
}
extern "C" void coli_metal_moe_times(double *setup, double *gpu, double *scatter) {
if(setup)*setup=g_t_setup; if(gpu)*gpu=g_t_gpu; if(scatter)*scatter=g_t_scatter;
}
extern "C" double coli_metal_moe_kernel_time(void){ return g_t_kernel; }
static uint64_t g_attn_ok; static double g_attn_wall, g_attn_kernel, g_attn_sched, g_attn_ksched;
extern "C" void coli_metal_attn_counts(uint64_t *ok, double *wall, double *kernel){
if(ok)*ok=g_attn_ok; if(wall)*wall=g_attn_wall; if(kernel)*kernel=g_attn_kernel; }
extern "C" void coli_metal_attn_lat(double *ksched, double *gsched){
if(ksched)*ksched=g_attn_ksched; if(gsched)*gsched=g_attn_sched; }
// Registry of page-aligned host slabs wrapped zero-copy for the batched MoE path.
struct Slab { void *base; size_t len; id<MTLBuffer> buf; };
static std::vector<Slab> g_slabs;
static std::mutex g_slab_mtx; // expert_load registers slabs from parallel OpenMP threads
// ---- E5 experiment: COLI_METAL_RESSET=1 -- one persistent MTLResidencySet attached to
// g_queue (macOS 15+) replaces moe_submit's per-command-buffer useResource: loop over
// resolved expert weight/scale slabs. Allocation is untouched (same newBufferWithBytesNoCopy
// wrap as stock); only residency bookkeeping moves off the dispatch hot path -- see
// SUMMARY.md for why skipping useResource: there is safe (read-only, indirectly-referenced
// buffers only; residency sets don't do hazard tracking, but nothing here relied on it).
// g_resset_obj is a bare `id` (holds id<MTLResidencySet>) so the global's declared type
// carries no availability annotation -- the protocol name only appears inside
// @available(macOS 15.0, *) guards below, keeping -Wunguarded-availability clean.
static id g_resset_obj;
static bool g_resset_enabled; // COLI_METAL_RESSET=1, macOS 15+, and creation succeeded
static bool g_resset_dirty; // addAllocation: calls pending commit; g_resset_mtx-guarded
// Set mutations + dirty flag get their OWN mutex, never held together with g_slab_mtx: no
// live Metal call may run under the slab lock the parallel OMP loader threads contend on
// (E4's audit round 2 found exactly that shape -- mutex over a live Metal call -- as the
// leading suspect for its +12s expert-disk regression). g_slab_mtx keeps guarding g_slabs
// bookkeeping only, exactly as on stock.
static std::mutex g_resset_mtx;
static double g_t_resset_flush; // sec committing pending adds in moe_submit (gate on only)
// Add a just-wrapped buffer to the set; commit deferred (an OMP loader burst batches into
// one commit at the next moe_submit instead of one per slab). Called by coli_metal_register
// after it drops g_slab_mtx but before it returns -- and the engine cannot dispatch an
// expert before the load that registers its slab returns, so any slab a given moe_submit
// can resolve() was added (and marked dirty) under g_resset_mtx strictly before that
// moe_submit's resset_flush() acquired the same mutex: the flush covers it. The slab-table
// ordering itself (register-before-resolve) is unchanged and stays under g_slab_mtx.
// Cost lands in the caller's existing expert-load accounting (t_ewait window in glm.c);
// no separate counter for the add/remove side.
static void resset_add(id<MTLBuffer> b) {
if (!g_resset_enabled) return;
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_resset_mtx);
if (@available(macOS 15.0, *)) { [(id<MTLResidencySet>)g_resset_obj addAllocation:b]; g_resset_dirty = true; }
}
// Remove + commit immediately, NOT deferred: the caller frees the underlying host memory
// right after coli_metal_unregister returns, so the removal must be applied before that --
// an uncommitted-but-still-resident allocation pointing at freed memory is a use-after-free
// risk the GPU could act on. Also runs outside g_slab_mtx (see g_resset_mtx above).
static void resset_remove(id<MTLBuffer> b) {
if (!g_resset_enabled) return;
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_resset_mtx);
if (@available(macOS 15.0, *)) {
id<MTLResidencySet> rs = (id<MTLResidencySet>)g_resset_obj;
[rs removeAllocation:b]; [rs commit];
}
g_resset_dirty = false; // commit above also flushes any pending adds
}
// Flush pending adds before moe_submit relies on the set alone for residency -- the only
// caller that skips per-buffer useResource: (see moe_submit below). Takes g_resset_mtx
// only, never g_slab_mtx; the happens-before argument lives at resset_add above.
static void resset_flush() {
if (!g_resset_enabled) return;
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_resset_mtx);
if (!g_resset_dirty) return;
if (@available(macOS 15.0, *)) { [(id<MTLResidencySet>)g_resset_obj commit]; }
g_resset_dirty = false;
}
// Harness visibility for the flush cost, which sits OUTSIDE the moe_times setup/gpu
// breakdown (timed around resset_flush in moe_submit, before ts_start). Returns whether
// the set is active so glm.c prints the METAL-RESSET line only when the gate is on --
// stock output stays byte-identical.
extern "C" int coli_metal_resset_stats(double *flush_s) {
if (flush_s) *flush_s = g_t_resset_flush;
return g_resset_enabled ? 1 : 0;
}
// Persistent scratch buffers (grow-only) for the MoE pipeline.
static id<MTLBuffer> g_gg, g_uu, g_hh, g_xg; static size_t g_gg_cap, g_uu_cap, g_hh_cap, g_xg_cap;
static id<MTLBuffer> ensure(id<MTLBuffer> b, size_t *cap, size_t need) {
if (b && *cap >= need) return b;
*cap = need; return [g_dev newBufferWithLength:need options:g_res_opts];
}
static size_t fmt_bytes(int fmt, int I, int O) {
if (fmt == 1) return (size_t)O * I;
if (fmt == 2) return (size_t)O * ((I+1)/2);
if (fmt == 3) return (size_t)O * ((I+3)/4);
return (size_t)O * I * sizeof(float);
}
// Wrap host memory zero-copy if page-aligned, else copy into a shared buffer.
static id<MTLBuffer> wrap(const void *p, size_t n) {
size_t pg = 16384; // Apple Silicon page
if (((uintptr_t)p % pg) == 0 && (n % pg) == 0)
return [g_dev newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:(void*)p length:n options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared deallocator:nil];
return [g_dev newBufferWithBytes:p length:n options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared];
}
extern "C" int coli_metal_init(void) {
if (g_dev) return 1;
if (getenv("COLI_METAL_UNTRACKED") && atoi(getenv("COLI_METAL_UNTRACKED")))
g_res_opts = MTLResourceStorageModeShared | MTLResourceHazardTrackingModeUntracked;
@autoreleasepool {
g_dev = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice();
if (!g_dev) return 0;
g_queue = [g_dev newCommandQueue];
NSError *err = nil;
id<MTLLibrary> lib = [g_dev newLibraryWithSource:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:SHADER]
options:nil error:&err];
if (!lib) { fprintf(stderr, "[metal] shader compile failed: %s\n",
err ? [[err localizedDescription] UTF8String] : "?"); g_dev = nil; return 0; }
g_gemv = [g_dev newComputePipelineStateWithFunction:[lib newFunctionWithName:@"mm_gemv"] error:&err];
g_moe_gemv = [g_dev newComputePipelineStateWithFunction:[lib newFunctionWithName:@"moe_gemv"] error:&err];
g_moe_silu = [g_dev newComputePipelineStateWithFunction:[lib newFunctionWithName:@"moe_silu"] error:&err];
auto P=[&](const char*n){ return [g_dev newComputePipelineStateWithFunction:[lib newFunctionWithName:@(n)] error:&err]; };
g_a_rms=P("a_rmsnorm"); g_a_rope=P("a_rope"); g_a_copy=P("a_copy");
g_a_qabs=P("a_qabs"); g_a_score=P("a_score"); g_a_smax=P("a_smax"); g_a_clat=P("a_clat"); g_a_ctx=P("a_ctx");
g_a_add=P("a_add"); g_r_router=P("r_router"); g_r_top8=P("r_top8");
if(!g_a_add||!g_r_router||!g_r_top8){ fprintf(stderr,"[metal] tail pipelines failed\n"); g_dev=nil; return 0; }
if (!g_gemv || !g_moe_gemv || !g_moe_silu || !g_a_rms || !g_a_rope || !g_a_copy ||
!g_a_qabs || !g_a_score || !g_a_smax || !g_a_clat || !g_a_ctx) {
fprintf(stderr, "[metal] pipeline failed\n"); g_dev = nil; return 0; }
// E5 experiment: COLI_METAL_RESSET=1 -- see g_resset_obj comment above.
if (getenv("COLI_METAL_RESSET") && atoi(getenv("COLI_METAL_RESSET"))) {
if (@available(macOS 15.0, *)) {
MTLResidencySetDescriptor *rd = [MTLResidencySetDescriptor new];
rd.initialCapacity = 4096; // hint only (internal array presize), not a hard limit
NSError *rerr = nil;
id<MTLResidencySet> rs = [g_dev newResidencySetWithDescriptor:rd error:&rerr];
if (rs) {
[g_queue addResidencySet:rs];
g_resset_obj = rs; g_resset_enabled = true;
fprintf(stderr, "[METAL] residency-set: on (macOS 15+, moe_submit skips per-buffer useResource:)\n");
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "[METAL] residency-set create failed: %s -- stock per-CB residency path\n",
rerr ? [[rerr localizedDescription] UTF8String] : "?");
}
} else {
fprintf(stderr, "[METAL] COLI_METAL_RESSET=1 requested but OS < macOS 15 -- stock per-CB residency path\n");
}
}
}
return 1;
}
extern "C" void coli_metal_register(void *base, size_t len) {
if (!g_dev || !base) return;
id<MTLBuffer> b = [g_dev newBufferWithBytesNoCopy:base length:len
options:g_res_opts deallocator:nil];
if (!b) return;
id<MTLBuffer> old = nil; // E5: replaced wrapper on re-register of a live base (defensive)
{
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_slab_mtx); // called from parallel expert_load threads
bool found = false;
for (auto &s : g_slabs) if (s.base == base) { old = s.buf; s.len = len; s.buf = b; found = true; break; }
if (!found) g_slabs.push_back({base, len, b});
}
// E5, outside g_slab_mtx (no Metal call under the slab lock), before returning. Invariant
// defended: set membership mirrors g_slabs exactly -- a re-register of a live base must
// drop the replaced wrapper from the set (ARC releases our reference, but the set retains
// it and keeps its pages resident forever) before adding the new one. No in-tree caller
// re-registers a live base today; defensive.
if (old && old != b) resset_remove(old);
if (old != b) resset_add(b);
}
extern "C" void coli_metal_unregister(void *base) {
id<MTLBuffer> b = nil;
{
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_slab_mtx);
for (size_t i=0;i<g_slabs.size();i++) if (g_slabs[i].base==base) {
b = g_slabs[i].buf; g_slabs[i].buf=nil; g_slabs.erase(g_slabs.begin()+i); break; }
}
if (b) resset_remove(b); // E5: outside g_slab_mtx; commits before the caller frees base
}
// Resolve a host pointer inside a registered slab to (buffer, gpuAddress). Returns nil if unknown.
static id<MTLBuffer> resolve(const void *p, uint64_t *addr) {
std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(g_slab_mtx);
uintptr_t u=(uintptr_t)p;
for (auto &s : g_slabs) { uintptr_t b=(uintptr_t)s.base;
if (u>=b && u<b+s.len) { *addr = (uint64_t)[s.buf gpuAddress] + (u-b); return s.buf; } }
return nil;
}
// Keep-alive spinner (COLI_METAL_SPIN=1): keeps trivial GPU work in flight so the GPU
// doesn't ramp its clock down between the engine's short per-layer bursts. Experiment to
// quantify how much of the observed submit latency is clock ramp-down.
#include <thread>
#include <atomic>
static std::atomic<bool> g_spin_run{false};
static std::thread g_spin_thr;
extern "C" void coli_metal_spin_start(void) {
if (!g_dev || g_spin_run.exchange(true)) return;
g_spin_thr = std::thread([]{
id<MTLCommandQueue> q = [g_dev newCommandQueue]; // own queue: never blocks real work
id<MTLBuffer> b = [g_dev newBufferWithLength:4096 options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared];
while (g_spin_run.load()) {
@autoreleasepool {
id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb=[q commandBuffer];
id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> e=[cb computeCommandEncoder];
[e setComputePipelineState:g_moe_silu];
[e setBuffer:b offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:b offset:0 atIndex:1];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake(1024,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)];
[e endEncoding]; [cb commit]; [cb waitUntilCompleted];
}
}
});
g_spin_thr.detach(); // never joinable at exit (joinable global -> std::terminate)
}
extern "C" void coli_metal_spin_stop(void) { g_spin_run.store(false); }
extern "C" void coli_metal_shutdown(void) {
coli_metal_spin_stop();
if (g_resset_enabled) {
if (@available(macOS 15.0, *)) { [g_queue removeResidencySet:(id<MTLResidencySet>)g_resset_obj]; }
}
g_resset_obj=nil; g_resset_enabled=false; g_resset_dirty=false;
g_gemv=nil; g_queue=nil; g_dev=nil; g_tensor_count=g_tensor_bytes=0;
}
extern "C" int coli_metal_available(void) { return g_dev != nil; }
extern "C" void coli_metal_stats(size_t *c, size_t *b) { if(c)*c=g_tensor_count; if(b)*b=g_tensor_bytes; }
extern "C" int coli_metal_mem_info(size_t *used, size_t *total) {
if (!g_dev) return 0;
if (used) *used = (size_t)[g_dev currentAllocatedSize];
if (total) *total = (size_t)[g_dev recommendedMaxWorkingSetSize];
return 1;
}
extern "C" int coli_metal_matmul(ColiMetalTensor **tp, float *y, const float *x,
const void *weights, const float *scales,
int fmt, int S, int I, int O) {
if (!g_dev || fmt < 0 || fmt > 3) return 0;
@autoreleasepool {
ColiMetalTensor *t = *tp;
if (!t) {
t = new ColiMetalTensor();
t->fmt = fmt; t->I = I; t->O = O; t->wbytes = fmt_bytes(fmt, I, O);
t->w = wrap(weights, t->wbytes);
t->s = wrap(scales, (size_t)O * sizeof(float));
*tp = t;
g_tensor_count++; g_tensor_bytes += t->wbytes;
}
id<MTLBuffer> bx = [g_dev newBufferWithBytes:x length:(size_t)S*I*sizeof(float) options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared];
id<MTLBuffer> by = [g_dev newBufferWithLength:(size_t)S*O*sizeof(float) options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared];
id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb = [g_queue commandBuffer];
id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> e = [cb computeCommandEncoder];
[e setComputePipelineState:g_gemv];
[e setBuffer:t->w offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:t->s offset:0 atIndex:1];
[e setBuffer:bx offset:0 atIndex:2]; [e setBuffer:by offset:0 atIndex:3];
int NT=S*O;
[e setBytes:&S length:4 atIndex:4]; [e setBytes:&I length:4 atIndex:5];
[e setBytes:&O length:4 atIndex:6]; [e setBytes:&fmt length:4 atIndex:7];
[e setBytes:&NT length:4 atIndex:8];
[e dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(((size_t)NT+3)/4,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(128,1,1)];
[e endEncoding]; [cb commit]; [cb waitUntilCompleted];
memcpy(y, [by contents], (size_t)S*O*sizeof(float));
}
return 1;
}
// ---- fused decode attention scratch (GLM-5.2 dims) ----
enum { AH=6144, AHEADS=64, AQLORA=2048, AKVL=512, AROPE=64, AVH=256, AQH=256, ANOPE=192, AROWSH=448, AHQH=AHEADS*AQH, AHVH=AHEADS*AVH, AMAXS=4 };
static id<MTLBuffer> ax_,aqr_,aqf_,acomp_,aqabs_,ascore_,aclat_,actx_,aout_,aqaln_,akvaln_; static size_t ascore_cap;
static id<MTLBuffer> axr_,anrm_,ash1_,ash2_,ashout_,asig_,aidx_,aw_,akeff_; // full-layer tail
static void attn_scratch_init(){
if(ax_) return;
auto L=[&](size_t n){ return [g_dev newBufferWithLength:n*AMAXS options:g_res_opts]; };
ax_=L(AH*4); aqr_=L(AQLORA*4); aqf_=L(AHQH*4); acomp_=L((AKVL+AROPE)*4);
aqabs_=L((size_t)AHEADS*AKVL*4); aclat_=L((size_t)AHEADS*AKVL*4); actx_=L(AHVH*4); aout_=L(AH*4);
aqaln_=L(AQLORA*4/AMAXS); akvaln_=L(AKVL*4/AMAXS); // norm weights are per-tensor, not per-row
axr_=L(AH*4); anrm_=L(AH*4); ash1_=L(2048*4); ash2_=L(2048*4); ashout_=L(AH*4);
asig_=L(256*4); aidx_=L(8*4); aw_=L(8*4); akeff_=L(4);
}
// y[S,O] = quantized-weight(w) applied to xin[S,I]. Weights are registered (page-aligned,
// zero-copy) at model load; resolve to (buffer,offset). Returns false to fall back to CPU.
static bool bind_gemv(id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> e, const void* w, const float* s, int fmt, int I, int O,
id<MTLBuffer> xin, id<MTLBuffer> yout, int S){
uint64_t wa=0,sa=0; id<MTLBuffer> wb=resolve(w,&wa); id<MTLBuffer> sb=resolve(s,&sa);
if(!wb||!sb) return false;
size_t woff=wa-(uint64_t)[wb gpuAddress], soff=sa-(uint64_t)[sb gpuAddress];
[e useResource:wb usage:MTLResourceUsageRead]; [e useResource:sb usage:MTLResourceUsageRead];
[e setComputePipelineState:g_gemv];
[e setBuffer:wb offset:woff atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:sb offset:soff atIndex:1];
[e setBuffer:xin offset:0 atIndex:2]; [e setBuffer:yout offset:0 atIndex:3];
int NT=S*O;
[e setBytes:&S length:4 atIndex:4]; [e setBytes:&I length:4 atIndex:5]; [e setBytes:&O length:4 atIndex:6]; [e setBytes:&fmt length:4 atIndex:7];
[e setBytes:&NT length:4 atIndex:8];
[e dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(((size_t)NT+3)/4,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(128,1,1)];
return true;
}
// Weight-pointer bundle for one layer's attention (+optional layer tail). All pointers
// must be inside registered allocations.
typedef struct {
const void *qa_w; const float *qa_s; int qa_fmt; const float *qa_ln;
const void *qb_w; const float *qb_s; int qb_fmt;
const void *kva_w; const float *kva_s; int kva_fmt; const float *kva_ln;
const void *kvb_w; const float *kvb_s; int kvb_fmt;
const void *o_w; const float *o_s; int o_fmt;
} AttnW;
// Encode the fused attention chain into encoder e. Input: ax_ holds the NORMED x [S,AH].
// Output: aout_ holds attention output [S,AH]. Returns false on unresolved weights.
static bool encode_attention(id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> e, const AttnW *W,
id<MTLBuffer> Lb, size_t loff, id<MTLBuffer> Rb, size_t roff,
id<MTLBuffer> kvbW, size_t kvbwoff, id<MTLBuffer> kvbS, size_t kvbsoff,
int S, int pos_base, float eps, float theta, float ascale) {
int T=pos_base+S;
memcpy([aqaln_ contents],W->qa_ln,AQLORA*4); memcpy([akvaln_ contents],W->kva_ln,AKVL*4);
size_t Loff=loff+(size_t)pos_base*AKVL*4, Roff=roff+(size_t)pos_base*AROPE*4;
auto BAR=[&]{ [e memoryBarrierWithScope:MTLBarrierScopeBuffers]; };
auto rms=[&](id<MTLBuffer> b,size_t off,id<MTLBuffer> w,int n,int nrows){ [e setComputePipelineState:g_a_rms];
[e setBuffer:b offset:off atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:w offset:0 atIndex:1]; [e setBytes:&n length:4 atIndex:2]; [e setBytes:&eps length:4 atIndex:3];
[e dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(nrows,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)]; };
auto rope=[&](id<MTLBuffer> b,size_t off,int base,int rs,int hs,int nh){ [e setComputePipelineState:g_a_rope]; [e setBuffer:b offset:off atIndex:0];
[e setBytes:&base length:4 atIndex:1]; [e setBytes:&rs length:4 atIndex:2]; [e setBytes:&hs length:4 atIndex:3]; [e setBytes:&nh length:4 atIndex:4]; [e setBytes:&pos_base length:4 atIndex:5]; [e setBytes:&theta length:4 atIndex:6];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*nh*(AROPE/2),1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(64,1,1)]; };
auto cpy=[&](int off,id<MTLBuffer> dst,size_t doff,int n){ int ss=AKVL+AROPE; [e setComputePipelineState:g_a_copy];
[e setBuffer:acomp_ offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBytes:&off length:4 atIndex:1]; [e setBytes:&ss length:4 atIndex:2];
[e setBuffer:dst offset:doff atIndex:3]; [e setBytes:&n length:4 atIndex:4]; [e setBytes:&n length:4 atIndex:5];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*n,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(64,1,1)]; };
bind_gemv(e,W->qa_w,W->qa_s,W->qa_fmt,AH,AQLORA,ax_,aqr_,S);
bind_gemv(e,W->kva_w,W->kva_s,W->kva_fmt,AH,AKVL+AROPE,ax_,acomp_,S); BAR();
rms(aqr_,0,aqaln_,AQLORA,S); cpy(0,Lb,Loff,AKVL); cpy(AKVL,Rb,Roff,AROPE); BAR();
bind_gemv(e,W->qb_w,W->qb_s,W->qb_fmt,AQLORA,AHQH,aqr_,aqf_,S); rms(Lb,Loff,akvaln_,AKVL,S); rope(Rb,Roff,0,AROPE,0,1); BAR();
rope(aqf_,0,ANOPE,AHQH,AQH,AHEADS); BAR();
[e setComputePipelineState:g_a_qabs]; [e setBuffer:kvbW offset:kvbwoff atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:kvbS offset:kvbsoff atIndex:1]; [e setBuffer:aqf_ offset:0 atIndex:2]; [e setBuffer:aqabs_ offset:0 atIndex:3];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*AHEADS*AKVL,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)]; BAR();
[e setComputePipelineState:g_a_score]; [e setBuffer:aqabs_ offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:Lb offset:loff atIndex:1]; [e setBuffer:Rb offset:roff atIndex:2]; [e setBuffer:aqf_ offset:0 atIndex:3]; [e setBuffer:ascore_ offset:0 atIndex:4];
[e setBytes:&T length:4 atIndex:5]; [e setBytes:&ascale length:4 atIndex:6]; [e setBytes:&pos_base length:4 atIndex:7];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*AHEADS*T,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)]; BAR();
[e setComputePipelineState:g_a_smax]; [e setBuffer:ascore_ offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBytes:&T length:4 atIndex:1];
[e dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*AHEADS,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)]; BAR();
[e setComputePipelineState:g_a_clat]; [e setBuffer:ascore_ offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:Lb offset:loff atIndex:1]; [e setBuffer:aclat_ offset:0 atIndex:2]; [e setBytes:&T length:4 atIndex:3];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*AHEADS*AKVL,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)]; BAR();
[e setComputePipelineState:g_a_ctx]; [e setBuffer:kvbW offset:kvbwoff atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:kvbS offset:kvbsoff atIndex:1]; [e setBuffer:aclat_ offset:0 atIndex:2]; [e setBuffer:actx_ offset:0 atIndex:3];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*AHEADS*AVH,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)]; BAR();
bind_gemv(e,W->o_w,W->o_s,W->o_fmt,AHVH,AH,actx_,aout_,S);
return true;
}
// Resolve Lc/Rc + kv_b (+pre-check the projection weights). Returns false -> CPU fallback.
static bool resolve_attn(const AttnW *W, float *Lc, float *Rc,
id<MTLBuffer> *Lb, size_t *loff, id<MTLBuffer> *Rb, size_t *roff,
id<MTLBuffer> *kvbW, size_t *kvbwoff, id<MTLBuffer> *kvbS, size_t *kvbsoff) {
uint64_t la=0,ra=0,kva=0,ksa=0;
*Lb=resolve(Lc,&la); *Rb=resolve(Rc,&ra); *kvbW=resolve(W->kvb_w,&kva); *kvbS=resolve(W->kvb_s,&ksa);
if(!*Lb||!*Rb||!*kvbW||!*kvbS) return false;
uint64_t d; const void* ws[]={W->qa_w,W->qa_s,W->qb_w,W->qb_s,W->kva_w,W->kva_s,W->o_w,W->o_s};
for(auto p:ws) if(!resolve(p,&d)) return false;
*loff=la-(uint64_t)[*Lb gpuAddress]; *roff=ra-(uint64_t)[*Rb gpuAddress];
*kvbwoff=kva-(uint64_t)[*kvbW gpuAddress]; *kvbsoff=ksa-(uint64_t)[*kvbS gpuAddress];
return true;
}
extern "C" int coli_metal_attn_decode(const float* x,
const void* qa_w,const float* qa_s,int qa_fmt,const float* qa_ln,
const void* qb_w,const float* qb_s,int qb_fmt,
const void* kva_w,const float* kva_s,int kva_fmt,const float* kva_ln,
const void* kvb_w,const float* kvb_s,int kvb_fmt,
const void* o_w,const float* o_s,int o_fmt,
float* Lc,float* Rc,int S,int pos_base,int st0,float eps,float theta,float ascale,float* out){
if(!g_dev) return 0;
if(st0!=0 || S<1 || S>AMAXS) return 0; // partial-KV / S>4 -> CPU
int T=pos_base+S;
@autoreleasepool {
attn_scratch_init();
AttnW W={qa_w,qa_s,qa_fmt,qa_ln,qb_w,qb_s,qb_fmt,kva_w,kva_s,kva_fmt,kva_ln,kvb_w,kvb_s,kvb_fmt,o_w,o_s,o_fmt};
id<MTLBuffer> Lb,Rb,kvbW,kvbS; size_t loff,roff,kvbwoff,kvbsoff;
if(!resolve_attn(&W,Lc,Rc,&Lb,&loff,&Rb,&roff,&kvbW,&kvbwoff,&kvbS,&kvbsoff)) return 0;
ascore_=ensure(ascore_,&ascore_cap,(size_t)S*AHEADS*T*4);
memcpy([ax_ contents],x,(size_t)S*AH*4);
id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb=[g_queue commandBuffer]; id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> e=[cb computeCommandEncoder];
[e useResource:Lb usage:MTLResourceUsageRead|MTLResourceUsageWrite]; [e useResource:Rb usage:MTLResourceUsageRead|MTLResourceUsageWrite];
[e useResource:kvbW usage:MTLResourceUsageRead]; [e useResource:kvbS usage:MTLResourceUsageRead];
if(!encode_attention(e,&W,Lb,loff,Rb,roff,kvbW,kvbwoff,kvbS,kvbsoff,S,pos_base,eps,theta,ascale)) return 0;
double tc=mnow();
[e endEncoding]; [cb commit]; [cb waitUntilCompleted];
if(cb.status==MTLCommandBufferStatusError){ fprintf(stderr,"[metal] attn cmdbuf error: %s\n", cb.error?[[cb.error localizedDescription]UTF8String]:"?"); return 0; }
g_attn_ok++; g_attn_wall += mnow()-tc; g_attn_kernel += [cb GPUEndTime]-[cb GPUStartTime];
g_attn_sched += [cb GPUStartTime]-[cb kernelStartTime]; g_attn_ksched += [cb kernelStartTime]-tc;
memcpy(out,[aout_ contents],(size_t)S*AH*4);
}
return 1;
}
// Full decode layer on the GPU in ONE command buffer:
// in_ln rmsnorm -> fused attention -> residual add (x updated) -> post_ln rmsnorm ->
// shared expert (gate/up/silu/down) -> router (f32 matvec+sigmoid) -> exact top-K select.
// CPU keeps: expert resolve/disk loads + expert CBs + scatter (unchanged). Outputs:
// x (updated in place), nrm=post_ln(x) (expert input), sh_out (shared-expert output),
// idx/w/keff (routing). Returns 0 -> CPU fallback (whole layer falls back).
extern "C" int coli_metal_layer_decode(float *x,
const float *in_ln, const float *post_ln,
const void* qa_w,const float* qa_s,int qa_fmt,const float* qa_ln,
const void* qb_w,const float* qb_s,int qb_fmt,
const void* kva_w,const float* kva_s,int kva_fmt,const float* kva_ln,
const void* kvb_w,const float* kvb_s,int kvb_fmt,
const void* o_w,const float* o_s,int o_fmt,
const void* shg_w,const float* shg_s,int shg_fmt,
const void* shu_w,const float* shu_s,int shu_fmt,
const void* shd_w,const float* shd_s,int shd_fmt,
const float *router_w, const float *router_bias,
int E, int K, int Ksel, float topp, int normk, float rscale,
float *Lc, float *Rc, int S, int pos_base, int st0,
float eps, float theta, float ascale,
float *inrm_out, float *nrm_out, float *sh_out, int *idx_out, float *w_out, int *keff_out) {
if(!g_dev) return 0;
if(st0!=0 || S<1 || S>AMAXS || E!=256 || K!=8) return 0;
int T=pos_base+S; const int SI=2048;
@autoreleasepool {
attn_scratch_init();
AttnW W={qa_w,qa_s,qa_fmt,qa_ln,qb_w,qb_s,qb_fmt,kva_w,kva_s,kva_fmt,kva_ln,kvb_w,kvb_s,kvb_fmt,o_w,o_s,o_fmt};
id<MTLBuffer> Lb,Rb,kvbW,kvbS; size_t loff,roff,kvbwoff,kvbsoff;
if(!resolve_attn(&W,Lc,Rc,&Lb,&loff,&Rb,&roff,&kvbW,&kvbwoff,&kvbS,&kvbsoff)) return 0;
uint64_t ina=0,pna=0,rwa=0,rba=0,d;
id<MTLBuffer> inB=resolve(in_ln,&ina), pnB=resolve(post_ln,&pna);
id<MTLBuffer> rwB=resolve(router_w,&rwa), rbB=resolve(router_bias,&rba);
if(!inB||!pnB||!rwB||!rbB) return 0;
{ const void* ws[]={shg_w,shg_s,shu_w,shu_s,shd_w,shd_s};
for(auto p:ws) if(!resolve(p,&d)) return 0; }
size_t inoff=ina-(uint64_t)[inB gpuAddress], pnoff=pna-(uint64_t)[pnB gpuAddress];
size_t rwoff=rwa-(uint64_t)[rwB gpuAddress], rboff=rba-(uint64_t)[rbB gpuAddress];
ascore_=ensure(ascore_,&ascore_cap,(size_t)S*AHEADS*T*4);
memcpy([axr_ contents],x,(size_t)S*AH*4);
id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb=[g_queue commandBuffer]; id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> e=[cb computeCommandEncoder];
[e useResource:Lb usage:MTLResourceUsageRead|MTLResourceUsageWrite]; [e useResource:Rb usage:MTLResourceUsageRead|MTLResourceUsageWrite];
[e useResource:kvbW usage:MTLResourceUsageRead]; [e useResource:kvbS usage:MTLResourceUsageRead];
[e useResource:inB usage:MTLResourceUsageRead]; [e useResource:pnB usage:MTLResourceUsageRead];
[e useResource:rwB usage:MTLResourceUsageRead]; [e useResource:rbB usage:MTLResourceUsageRead];
auto BAR=[&]{ [e memoryBarrierWithScope:MTLBarrierScopeBuffers]; };
auto rmsw=[&](id<MTLBuffer> b,id<MTLBuffer> wb,size_t woff,int n,int nrows){ [e setComputePipelineState:g_a_rms];
[e setBuffer:b offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:wb offset:woff atIndex:1]; [e setBytes:&n length:4 atIndex:2]; [e setBytes:&eps length:4 atIndex:3];
[e dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(nrows,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)]; };
auto copyrow=[&](id<MTLBuffer> src,id<MTLBuffer> dst,int n){ int off=0,ss=n; [e setComputePipelineState:g_a_copy];
[e setBuffer:src offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBytes:&off length:4 atIndex:1]; [e setBytes:&ss length:4 atIndex:2];
[e setBuffer:dst offset:0 atIndex:3]; [e setBytes:&n length:4 atIndex:4]; [e setBytes:&n length:4 atIndex:5];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*n,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)]; };
// 1) in_ln: ax_ = rmsnorm(x)
copyrow(axr_,ax_,AH); BAR(); rmsw(ax_,inB,inoff,AH,S); BAR();
// 2) attention (ax_ -> aout_)
if(!encode_attention(e,&W,Lb,loff,Rb,roff,kvbW,kvbwoff,kvbS,kvbsoff,S,pos_base,eps,theta,ascale)) return 0;
BAR();
// 3) residual: axr_ += aout_ ; then nrm = post_ln(x_new)
[e setComputePipelineState:g_a_add]; [e setBuffer:axr_ offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:aout_ offset:0 atIndex:1];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*AH,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)]; BAR();
copyrow(axr_,anrm_,AH); BAR(); rmsw(anrm_,pnB,pnoff,AH,S); BAR();
// 4) shared expert gate/up + router (all read anrm_, independent)
bind_gemv(e,shg_w,shg_s,shg_fmt,AH,SI,anrm_,ash1_,S);
bind_gemv(e,shu_w,shu_s,shu_fmt,AH,SI,anrm_,ash2_,S);
{ int NT=S*E, D=AH; [e setComputePipelineState:g_r_router];
[e setBuffer:rwB offset:rwoff atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:anrm_ offset:0 atIndex:1]; [e setBuffer:asig_ offset:0 atIndex:2];
[e setBytes:&E length:4 atIndex:3]; [e setBytes:&D length:4 atIndex:4]; [e setBytes:&NT length:4 atIndex:5];
[e dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(((size_t)NT+3)/4,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(128,1,1)]; }
BAR();
// 5) silu(gate)*up + exact top-K select
[e setComputePipelineState:g_moe_silu]; [e setBuffer:ash1_ offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:ash2_ offset:0 atIndex:1];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)S*SI,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)];
{ [e setComputePipelineState:g_r_top8];
[e setBuffer:asig_ offset:0 atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:rbB offset:rboff atIndex:1];
[e setBuffer:aidx_ offset:0 atIndex:2]; [e setBuffer:aw_ offset:0 atIndex:3]; [e setBuffer:akeff_ offset:0 atIndex:4];
[e setBytes:&E length:4 atIndex:5]; [e setBytes:&K length:4 atIndex:6]; [e setBytes:&Ksel length:4 atIndex:7];
[e setBytes:&topp length:4 atIndex:8]; [e setBytes:&normk length:4 atIndex:9]; [e setBytes:&rscale length:4 atIndex:10];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake(S,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(S,1,1)]; }
BAR();
// 6) shared down
bind_gemv(e,shd_w,shd_s,shd_fmt,SI,AH,ash1_,ashout_,S);
double tc=mnow();
[e endEncoding]; [cb commit]; [cb waitUntilCompleted];
if(cb.status==MTLCommandBufferStatusError){ fprintf(stderr,"[metal] layer cmdbuf error: %s\n", cb.error?[[cb.error localizedDescription]UTF8String]:"?"); return 0; }
g_attn_ok++; g_attn_wall += mnow()-tc; g_attn_kernel += [cb GPUEndTime]-[cb GPUStartTime];
g_attn_sched += [cb GPUStartTime]-[cb kernelStartTime]; g_attn_ksched += [cb kernelStartTime]-tc;
memcpy(x,[axr_ contents],(size_t)S*AH*4);
memcpy(inrm_out,[ax_ contents],(size_t)S*AH*4);
memcpy(nrm_out,[anrm_ contents],(size_t)S*AH*4);
memcpy(sh_out,[ashout_ contents],(size_t)S*AH*4);
memcpy(idx_out,[aidx_ contents],(size_t)S*K*4);
memcpy(w_out,[aw_ contents],(size_t)S*K*4);
memcpy(keff_out,[akeff_ contents],(size_t)S*4);
}
return 1;
}
// Sync GEMM for large row-batches (prefill): y[S,O] = x[S,I] @ W^T * scale. Weights must be
// registered (zero-copy); x/y go through grow-only shared scratch. Returns 0 -> CPU fallback.
static id<MTLBuffer> g_gx, g_gy; static size_t g_gx_cap, g_gy_cap;
extern "C" int coli_metal_gemm(float *y, const float *x, const void *wp, const float *sp,
int fmt, int S, int I, int O) {
if (!g_dev || (fmt!=1 && fmt!=2)) return 0;
@autoreleasepool {
uint64_t wa=0,sa=0; id<MTLBuffer> wb=resolve(wp,&wa), sb=resolve(sp,&sa);
if(!wb||!sb) return 0;
size_t woff=wa-(uint64_t)[wb gpuAddress], soff=sa-(uint64_t)[sb gpuAddress];
g_gx=ensure(g_gx,&g_gx_cap,(size_t)S*I*4); g_gy=ensure(g_gy,&g_gy_cap,(size_t)S*O*4);
memcpy([g_gx contents],x,(size_t)S*I*4);
id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb=[g_queue commandBuffer]; id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> e=[cb computeCommandEncoder];
[e useResource:wb usage:MTLResourceUsageRead]; [e useResource:sb usage:MTLResourceUsageRead];
[e setComputePipelineState:g_gemv];
[e setBuffer:wb offset:woff atIndex:0]; [e setBuffer:sb offset:soff atIndex:1];
[e setBuffer:g_gx offset:0 atIndex:2]; [e setBuffer:g_gy offset:0 atIndex:3];
int NT=S*O;
[e setBytes:&S length:4 atIndex:4]; [e setBytes:&I length:4 atIndex:5];
[e setBytes:&O length:4 atIndex:6]; [e setBytes:&fmt length:4 atIndex:7];
[e setBytes:&NT length:4 atIndex:8];
[e dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(((size_t)NT+3)/4,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(128,1,1)];
[e endEncoding]; [cb commit]; [cb waitUntilCompleted];
if(cb.status==MTLCommandBufferStatusError){ fprintf(stderr,"[metal] gemm cmdbuf error (S=%d O=%d)\n",S,O); return 0; }
memcpy(y,[g_gy contents],(size_t)S*O*4);
}
return 1;
}
extern "C" void coli_metal_tensor_free(ColiMetalTensor *t) {
if (!t) return;
g_tensor_count--; g_tensor_bytes -= t->wbytes;
t->w = nil; t->s = nil; delete t;
}
extern "C" size_t coli_metal_tensor_bytes(const ColiMetalTensor *t) { return t ? t->wbytes : 0; }
// Batched routed-expert SwiGLU for one block in ONE command buffer. Returns 0 (CPU fallback)
// if Metal is off or any expert pointer is not in a registered slab.
// Encode + commit a MoE block (no wait). Writes hh[R,D] into hh_buf. Returns nil on
// unresolved slab / bad fmt (caller falls back to CPU).
static id<MTLCommandBuffer> moe_submit(int nb, int D, int Iinter, int fmt,
const void *const *g, const void *const *u, const void *const *d,
const float *const *gs, const float *const *us, const float *const *ds,
const float *xg, const int *xoff, const int *nr, int R,
id<MTLBuffer> xg_buf, id<MTLBuffer> gg_buf, id<MTLBuffer> uu_buf, id<MTLBuffer> hh_buf) {
if (!g_dev || (fmt != 1 && fmt != 2)) return nil;
if (g_resset_enabled) { // E5: commit any pending slab adds before we may skip useResource:
double t0 = mnow(); resset_flush(); g_t_resset_flush += mnow() - t0; // METAL-RESSET line
}
double ts_start = mnow();
std::vector<uint64_t> ag(nb),au(nb),ad(nb),sgv(nb),suv(nb),sdv(nb);
std::vector<id<MTLBuffer>> use; use.reserve(nb*2);
auto add_use=[&](id<MTLBuffer> b){ for(auto&x:use) if(x==b) return; use.push_back(b); };
for (int e=0;e<nb;e++) {
id<MTLBuffer> b;
if(!(b=resolve(g[e],&ag[e]))) {g_moe_fb++; return nil;} add_use(b);
if(!(b=resolve(u[e],&au[e]))) {g_moe_fb++; return nil;} add_use(b);
if(!(b=resolve(d[e],&ad[e]))) {g_moe_fb++; return nil;} add_use(b);
if(!(b=resolve(gs[e],&sgv[e]))) {g_moe_fb++; return nil;} add_use(b);
if(!(b=resolve(us[e],&suv[e]))) {g_moe_fb++; return nil;} add_use(b);
if(!(b=resolve(ds[e],&sdv[e]))) {g_moe_fb++; return nil;} add_use(b);
}
std::vector<int> erow(R); for(int e=0;e<nb;e++) for(int r=0;r<nr[e];r++) erow[xoff[e]+r]=e;
auto shb=[&](const void*p,size_t n){ return [g_dev newBufferWithBytes:p length:n options:MTLResourceStorageModeShared]; };
id<MTLBuffer> bag=shb(ag.data(),nb*8), bau=shb(au.data(),nb*8), bad=shb(ad.data(),nb*8);
id<MTLBuffer> bsg=shb(sgv.data(),nb*8), bsu=shb(suv.data(),nb*8), bsd=shb(sdv.data(),nb*8);
id<MTLBuffer> berow=shb(erow.data(),R*4);
memcpy([xg_buf contents], xg, (size_t)R*D*4);
id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb=[g_queue commandBuffer]; id<MTLComputeCommandEncoder> e=[cb computeCommandEncoder];
// E5 (COLI_METAL_RESSET=1): the queue-attached MTLResidencySet already guarantees these
// buffers are resident, so skip the per-buffer declaration whose count scales with LRU
// cache size (mechanism history v5). Residency sets don't do hazard tracking (Apple docs),
// but none was load-bearing here: every buffer in `use` is MTLResourceUsageRead-only and
// referenced only indirectly (moe_gemv dereferences waddr[]/saddr[] baked into bag/bsg's
// contents), so there's no GPU-side write to serialize against; the one real hazard -- a
// slab unregistered+freed+reused while an async in-flight CB still reads it -- is a
// CPU-write race outside Metal's hazard tracking either way, held by the engine's own slot
// lifecycle, not by useResource:. See SUMMARY.md UNCERTAINTIES.
if (!g_resset_enabled) {
for(auto&b:use) [e useResource:b usage:MTLResourceUsageRead];
}
auto gemv=[&](id<MTLBuffer> wa,id<MTLBuffer> sa,id<MTLBuffer> xin,id<MTLBuffer> y,int O,int K,int Kin){
int NT=R*O;
[e setComputePipelineState:g_moe_gemv];
[e setBuffer:wa offset:0 atIndex:0];[e setBuffer:sa offset:0 atIndex:1];[e setBuffer:berow offset:0 atIndex:2];
[e setBuffer:xin offset:0 atIndex:3];[e setBuffer:y offset:0 atIndex:4];
[e setBytes:&O length:4 atIndex:5];[e setBytes:&K length:4 atIndex:6];[e setBytes:&Kin length:4 atIndex:7];[e setBytes:&fmt length:4 atIndex:8];
[e setBytes:&NT length:4 atIndex:9];
[e dispatchThreadgroups:MTLSizeMake(((size_t)NT+3)/4,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(128,1,1)]; };
gemv(bag,bsg,xg_buf,gg_buf,Iinter,D,D); // gate
gemv(bau,bsu,xg_buf,uu_buf,Iinter,D,D); // up
[e memoryBarrierWithScope:MTLBarrierScopeBuffers];
[e setComputePipelineState:g_moe_silu];
[e setBuffer:gg_buf offset:0 atIndex:0];[e setBuffer:uu_buf offset:0 atIndex:1];
[e dispatchThreads:MTLSizeMake((size_t)R*Iinter,1,1) threadsPerThreadgroup:MTLSizeMake(256,1,1)];
[e memoryBarrierWithScope:MTLBarrierScopeBuffers];
gemv(bad,bsd,gg_buf,hh_buf,D,Iinter,Iinter); // down
g_t_setup += mnow() - ts_start;
[e endEncoding];[cb commit];
return cb;
}
// Wait + error-check + scatter-add hh into out. Returns 0 on GPU fault.
static int moe_finish(id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb, id<MTLBuffer> hh_buf, int nb, int R, int D,
const int *rows, const float *rw, float *out) {
double t0 = mnow();
[cb waitUntilCompleted];
double ts_gpu = mnow(); g_t_gpu += ts_gpu - t0;
g_t_kernel += [cb GPUEndTime] - [cb GPUStartTime];
if (cb.status == MTLCommandBufferStatusError) {
fprintf(stderr, "[metal] moe_block cmdbuf error (nb=%d R=%d): %s\n", nb, R,
cb.error ? [[cb.error localizedDescription] UTF8String] : "?");
g_moe_fb++; return 0;
}
const float *hh=(const float*)[hh_buf contents];
for(int gr=0;gr<R;gr++){ float *os=out+(size_t)rows[gr]*D, w=rw[gr]; const float *hr=hh+(size_t)gr*D;
for(int dd=0;dd<D;dd++) os[dd]+=w*hr[dd]; }
g_t_scatter += mnow() - ts_gpu;
g_moe_ok++; g_moe_experts += nb;
return 1;
}
extern "C" int coli_metal_moe_block(int nb, int D, int Iinter, int fmt,
const void *const *g, const void *const *u, const void *const *d,
const float *const *gs, const float *const *us, const float *const *ds,
const float *xg, const int *xoff, const int *nr,
const int *rows, const float *rw, float *out, int S) {
(void)S;
@autoreleasepool {
int R = 0; for (int e=0;e<nb;e++) R += nr[e];
if (R == 0) return 1;
g_xg = ensure(g_xg,&g_xg_cap,(size_t)R*D*4);
g_gg = ensure(g_gg,&g_gg_cap,(size_t)R*Iinter*4);
g_uu = ensure(g_uu,&g_uu_cap,(size_t)R*Iinter*4);
g_hh = ensure(g_hh,&g_hh_cap,(size_t)R*D*4);
id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb = moe_submit(nb,D,Iinter,fmt,g,u,d,gs,us,ds,xg,xoff,nr,R,g_xg,g_gg,g_uu,g_hh);
if (!cb) return 0;
return moe_finish(cb,g_hh,nb,R,D,rows,rw,out);
}
}
// Async two-phase API: begin submits the block (own scratch, no wait) so the CPU can
// overlap disk loads with GPU compute; end waits + scatters. Handle owns everything.
struct ColiMetalMoeHandle {
id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb; id<MTLBuffer> hh;
std::vector<int> rows; std::vector<float> rwv;
int nb, R, D;
};
extern "C" ColiMetalMoeHandle* coli_metal_moe_block_begin(int nb, int D, int Iinter, int fmt,
const void *const *g, const void *const *u, const void *const *d,
const float *const *gs, const float *const *us, const float *const *ds,
const float *xg, const int *xoff, const int *nr,
const int *rows, const float *rw) {
@autoreleasepool {
int R = 0; for (int e=0;e<nb;e++) R += nr[e];
if (R == 0 || !g_dev) return nullptr;
id<MTLBuffer> bxg=[g_dev newBufferWithLength:(size_t)R*D*4 options:g_res_opts];
id<MTLBuffer> bgg=[g_dev newBufferWithLength:(size_t)R*Iinter*4 options:g_res_opts];
id<MTLBuffer> buu=[g_dev newBufferWithLength:(size_t)R*Iinter*4 options:g_res_opts];
id<MTLBuffer> bhh=[g_dev newBufferWithLength:(size_t)R*D*4 options:g_res_opts];
id<MTLCommandBuffer> cb = moe_submit(nb,D,Iinter,fmt,g,u,d,gs,us,ds,xg,xoff,nr,R,bxg,bgg,buu,bhh);
if (!cb) return nullptr;
ColiMetalMoeHandle *h = new ColiMetalMoeHandle();
h->cb=cb; h->hh=bhh; h->rows.assign(rows,rows+R); h->rwv.assign(rw,rw+R);
h->nb=nb; h->R=R; h->D=D;
return h;
}
}
extern "C" int coli_metal_moe_block_end(ColiMetalMoeHandle *h, float *out) {
if (!h) return 0;
int ok;
@autoreleasepool { ok = moe_finish(h->cb,h->hh,h->nb,h->R,h->D,h->rows.data(),h->rwv.data(),out); }
h->cb=nil; h->hh=nil; delete h;
return ok;
}