GPU resident pipeline: batch CUDA attention, head-sharded kv_b, prefill expert groups, W4A16 mixed dispatch (#111)

* Fuse CUDA expert MLP execution * Group CUDA expert transfers by device * Instrument grouped CUDA expert execution * Bound grouped CUDA decode scratch * Execute expert groups across GPUs in parallel * Release host backing for multi-GPU experts * Define quality-preserving memory policies * Overlap cold expert loading with resident compute * Adapt expert placement with session LFRU * Fuse q4 expert gate and up dispatch * Plan CPU work on physical cores * Batch grouped expert CUDA kernels * Separate VRAM and RAM expert placement * Add ragged multi-sequence decode forward * feat(runtime): add continuous decode scheduler * Route concurrent API requests through batch scheduler * Harden multiplex request lifecycle and framing * Cancel disconnected multiplex requests * Bind API port before starting the engine * fix automatic KV slot allocation * add native int4 Tensor Core grouped GEMM * add Tensor Core throughput benchmark * optimize packed int4 low-row kernels * add asynchronous CUDA staging streams * document validated six-GPU dense acceleration * tune six-GPU expert hot set * raise validated expert hot-set target * add CUDA MLA absorption core * fuse grouped expert gate and up projections * Warn for explicit lossy routing flags * Add full-resident expert placement mode * Adapt VRAM expert slots to live routes * Accelerate int4 matvec on AVX-512 * Reduce AVX-512 and RoPE decode overhead * Seed every GPU expert layer after prefill * Limit live GPU swaps during decode * CUDA batch MLA attention, kv_b head-sharding, fused o_proj, expert-group dispatch, W4A16 kernels Lab-qualified on the 6x RTX 5090 machine (914-token request benchmark): - batch MLA absorption kernel (COLI_CUDA_ATTN=1): whole-batch attention on device, 154.8s -> 102.4s - attention -> o_proj fusion on the layer device: -> 97.4s - kv_b head-sharding across cards (COLI_CUDA_ATTN_SHARD=1), no weight duplication: -> 94.05s - per-device expert-group dispatch with pinned-buffer async transfers, W4A16 tensor-core kernels for the shared expert, OMP hot-thread tuning Negative results (reverted, kept out): GPU-side weighted scatter-add (atomics + per-layer D2H lose 43.8%), shared-expert fused small-batch kernel (-38.8%), W4A4 grouped tensor cores (int4 activations corrupt output). Details in the lab research log. * GPU resident pipeline: device-resident prefill attention chain, GPU expert groups in prefill, batched router, W4A16 mixed dispatch COLI_CUDA_PIPE=1 keeps the prefill data plane on the layer home device; control flow (routing, cache/pin management) stays on CPU. Any CUDA failure falls back to the unchanged CPU path. - Device primitives + unit tests (tests/test_pipe_cuda.cu): rmsnorm (strided), interleaved RoPE, silu-mul, residual add, fixed-order row merge (no atomics), device-input GEMM, persistent per-device scratch. All verified against the engine's CPU math on SM120 (worst 1.2e-5). - attn_pipe_prefill: q_a -> norm -> q_b -> rope -> kv_a -> norm -> rope -> batch attention -> o_proj in one device chain (q_a/q_b/kv_a colocated with kv_b); only the final [S,D] and the new KV rows return to host. Attention 41.2s -> 30.8s on the 1571-token benchmark. - Prefill batch-union now uses the GPU expert groups (previously gated to S<=64, leaving all VRAM-resident experts idle during prefill - measured 21ms of GPU expert time in a 148s prefill). Expert phase 78.9s -> 69.0s. - Router computed as one batched matmul instead of S sequential rows (bit-identical math). - W4A16 tensor-core path for expert groups (COLI_CUDA_TC_W4A16=1) with row-count mixed dispatch: >=16 rows per expert use tensor cores, smaller batches keep the naive kernel (tensor cores measured negative below ~16 rows). Expert phase 69.0s -> 64.3s, decode unaffected. Net on the 1571-token prefill benchmark: 148.8s -> 114.3-126.8s (component timings stable across runs; wall drifts +-3-5s because .coli_usage placement learning shifts the expert tiers between runs). PROFILO now also prints the prefill-phase breakdown. * Skip OMP hot-thread tuning when CUDA is enabled The active-spin worker team measured 66.9s->20.9s on the CPU-only Zen5 build, but on the six-GPU full-residency workload the spinning workers contend with the CUDA dispatch threads: ~4x slower prefill with the process stuck near 1.8 cores. Gate the tuning on COLI_CUDA so each configuration keeps the behavior it was measured to prefer. * Inc.2a: sparse layers fully resident on the layer device, residual hops cards at layer boundaries COLI_CUDA_PIPE=2 keeps the residual stream on the layer home device for consecutive sparse layers (cudaMemcpyPeer at boundaries): in/post norms, attention chain, both residual adds and the shared-expert MLP run on device. Per layer only the post-norm activations (router + CPU-tier experts + group gather), the new KV rows and, on DSA indexer layers, the pre-attention norm leave the card. Per-layer transfers drop from ~130MB to ~70MB. A device-side snapshot at layer entry makes any mid-layer CUDA failure fall back to the unchanged CPU path idempotently. 1571-token prefill: 127.1s (PIPE=1 control) -> 117.6/118.9s, components attention 30.8->26.1, other 31.8->22.5-24.5; output verified coherent against the control. * Head-sharded attention inside the pipe: negative on PCIe star topology, gated opt-in Slicing q per card from the home device and collecting ctx back serializes ~95MB/layer through the home card's PCIe link: attention 26.1s -> 41.4/44.4s on the 1571-token benchmark (two repeats), wall 117.6 -> 135-138s. The standalone host-path sharding won because six cards uploaded from host RAM in parallel; a home-device star has no such parallelism without NVLink. Kept behind COLI_CUDA_PIPE_SHARD=1 for interconnects where peer bandwidth does not share one root port. * Inc.3: device-resident KV shadow for decode attention Decode re-uploaded the whole latent+rope window per layer per token (~300MB/token at 1571 context). Each layer now keeps a device shadow of the compressed KV on its kv_b card, bulk-synced when behind and appended incrementally; the host cache stays canonical. Invalidation on kv_bind (slot switch), kv_alloc (resize) and on any overwrite of mirrored rows, with the legacy full-upload path as fallback. Measured (COLI_CUDA_PIPE gate): short-context decode 5.48 -> 5.59/5.87 tok/s, 1571-context decode 4.14 -> 4.22 tok/s. Decode remains CPU-expert bound; the shadow removes the transfer tax, not the compute. * tools: unified user-experience benchmark (bench_ux.sh) Two fixed scenarios (short chat, long-document QA), TTFT + decode tok/s + first-line drift check, TEMP=0 DRAFT=0 enforced, medians over REPS runs. Encodes the measurement discipline from the lab record: same binary per comparison, judge medians because .coli_usage placement learning drifts wall times between runs. * tools: bench_ux.sh executable bit * gitignore compiled test binaries * tools: expert_atlas.py — measure per-expert topic affinity (#175) Diffs .coli_usage across 10 themed probe batches (code/math/chinese/ prose/science/law/poetry/structured/translation/casual, 3 prompts each) driven through a running API server — one engine load total. Every touched expert gets a topic-affinity vector, entropy, and a specialist/ generalist label; output experts.json feeds the Brain page hover. * serve: persist .coli_usage after every turn in mux mode, not only at exit run_serve_mux saved the learning cache once at shutdown; a crash lost the whole session's routing history, and live consumers of the file (expert_atlas.py diffs it between probe batches) saw a frozen snapshot. Now saved per turn like the interactive path (165KB write, negligible). * web: Brain hover shows measured expert atlas when published If /experts.json (from tools/expert_atlas.py, #175) is served next to the app, the tooltip upgrades from the depth heuristic to measured data: specialist/generalist label, entropy, and the top-3 topic affinities. Row index maps to real layer (row+3, last row = MTP 78). Falls back to the heuristic when no atlas is published. --------- Co-authored-by: JustVugg <JustVugg@users.noreply.github.com>
2026-07-15 00:18:05 +08:00
parent 2ead86a27f
commit ec89136029
13 changed files with 1267 additions and 33 deletions
@@ -60,3 +60,6 @@ c/backend_metal_test
 c/tests/test_tier
 c/mio_env/
 c/bench/
 c/tests/test_decode_batch
 c/tests/test_i4_acc512
 c/tests/test_idot
@@ -18,12 +18,14 @@ struct ColiCudaTensor {
 typedef struct {
    int device;
    int compute_major,compute_minor;
    float *x, *y, *gate, *up;
    size_t x_cap, y_cap, gate_cap, up_cap;
    uint8_t *qx; float *qscale;
    size_t qx_cap, qscale_cap;
    float *host_x,*host_y; size_t host_x_cap,host_y_cap;
    float *aq,*al,*ar,*ac; size_t aq_cap,al_cap,ar_cap,ac_cap;
    float *pipe_buf[24]; size_t pipe_cap[24];   /* scratch persistenti del resident pipeline */
    cudaStream_t stream;
    void *group_desc; size_t group_desc_cap;
    size_t tensor_count, tensor_bytes;
@@ -120,6 +122,68 @@ __global__ static void silu_mul(float *gate, const float *up, size_t n) {
    }
 }
 /* Four warps share one A tile and compute 16x64 outputs.  This matters for
 * prefill: the first prototype reloaded/converter A once per 16 output cols. */
 __global__ static void w4a16_matmul(float *y,const float *x,const uint8_t *w,
                                    const float *scale,int M,int K,int N){
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= 700
    using namespace nvcuda;int warp=threadIdx.x>>5,lane=threadIdx.x&31;
    int m0=blockIdx.y*16,n0=blockIdx.x*64+warp*16;
    __shared__ __half ah[256],bh[4][256];
    wmma::fragment<wmma::accumulator,16,16,16,float> acc;wmma::fill_fragment(acc,0.f);
    size_t rb=(size_t)(K+1)/2;
    for(int k0=0;k0<K;k0+=16){
        for(int z=threadIdx.x;z<256;z+=blockDim.x){
            int m=z/16,k=z%16,gm=m0+m,gk=k0+k;
            ah[z]=(gm<M&&gk<K)?__float2half(x[(size_t)gm*K+gk]):__float2half(0.f);
        }
        for(int z=lane;z<256;z+=32){
            int n=z/16,gk=k0+(z%16),gn=n0+n;float v=0.f;
            if(gn<N&&gk<K){uint8_t q=w[(size_t)gn*rb+(gk>>1)];int a=(gk&1)?q>>4:q&15;
                v=(float)(a&8?a-16:a)*scale[gn];}
            bh[warp][z]=__float2half(v);           /* [Ntile,Ktile] == B col-major */
        }
        __syncthreads();
        wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_a,16,16,16,__half,wmma::row_major> af;
        wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_b,16,16,16,__half,wmma::col_major> bf;
        wmma::load_matrix_sync(af,ah,16);wmma::load_matrix_sync(bf,bh[warp],16);
        wmma::mma_sync(acc,af,bf,acc);__syncthreads();
    }
    __shared__ float out[4][256];wmma::store_matrix_sync(out[warp],acc,16,wmma::mem_row_major);__syncwarp();
    for(int z=lane;z<256;z+=32){int m=z/16,n=z%16;
        if(m0+m<M&&n0+n<N)y[(size_t)(m0+m)*N+n0+n]=out[warp][z];}
 #endif
 }
 /* Gate and up use the same input.  Eight warps compute both 16x64 projections
 * while sharing the FP32->FP16 conversion of A. */
 __global__ static void w4a16_gate_up(float *gate,float *up,const float *x,
        const uint8_t *gw,const uint8_t *uw,const float *gs,const float *us,
        int M,int K,int N){
 #if __CUDA_ARCH__ >= 700
    using namespace nvcuda;int warp=threadIdx.x>>5,lane=threadIdx.x&31,which=warp&1,tile=warp>>1;
    int m0=blockIdx.y*16,n0=blockIdx.x*64+tile*16;const uint8_t *w=which?uw:gw;
    const float *scale=which?us:gs;float *y=which?up:gate;size_t rb=(size_t)(K+1)/2;
    __shared__ __half ah[256],bh[8][256];
    wmma::fragment<wmma::accumulator,16,16,16,float> acc;wmma::fill_fragment(acc,0.f);
    for(int k0=0;k0<K;k0+=16){
        for(int z=threadIdx.x;z<256;z+=blockDim.x){int m=z/16,k=z%16,gm=m0+m,gk=k0+k;
            ah[z]=(gm<M&&gk<K)?__float2half(x[(size_t)gm*K+gk]):__float2half(0.f);}
        for(int z=lane;z<256;z+=32){int n=z/16,gk=k0+(z%16),gn=n0+n;float v=0.f;
            if(gn<N&&gk<K){uint8_t q=w[(size_t)gn*rb+(gk>>1)];int a=(gk&1)?q>>4:q&15;
                v=(float)(a&8?a-16:a)*scale[gn];}bh[warp][z]=__float2half(v);}
        __syncthreads();
        wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_a,16,16,16,__half,wmma::row_major> af;
        wmma::fragment<wmma::matrix_b,16,16,16,__half,wmma::col_major> bf;
        wmma::load_matrix_sync(af,ah,16);wmma::load_matrix_sync(bf,bh[warp],16);
        wmma::mma_sync(acc,af,bf,acc);__syncthreads();
    }
    __shared__ float out[8][256];wmma::store_matrix_sync(out[warp],acc,16,wmma::mem_row_major);__syncwarp();
    for(int z=lane;z<256;z+=32){int m=z/16,n=z%16;
        if(m0+m<M&&n0+n<N)y[(size_t)(m0+m)*N+n0+n]=out[warp][z];}
 #endif
 }
 __global__ static void quantize_s4_rows(uint8_t *q,float *scale,const float *x,int S,int K){
    int s=blockIdx.x; if(s>=S)return; const float *xs=x+(size_t)s*K;
    float v=0; for(int i=threadIdx.x;i<K;i+=blockDim.x)v=fmaxf(v,fabsf(xs[i]));
@@ -243,6 +307,37 @@ __global__ static void attention_absorb_kernel(float *ctx,const float *q,const f
        for(int k=0;k<K;k++)a+=cl[k]*weight_at(weights,fmt,(size_t)row*rb,k);ctx[(size_t)h*V+v]=a*(fmt?wscale[row]:1.f);}
 }
 __global__ static void attention_absorb_batch_kernel(float *ctx,const float *q,
        const float *latent,const float *rope,const void *weights,const float *wscale,
        int fmt,int S,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,float scale){
    int s=blockIdx.y,h=blockIdx.x,tid=threadIdx.x,nt=T-S+s+1,rbase=h*(Q+V);
    if(s>=S||nt<1)return;
    extern __shared__ float sm[];float *qa=sm,*cl=qa+K,*scores=cl+K,*red=scores+T;
    const float *qs=q+((size_t)s*H+h)*(Q+R);
    for(int k=tid;k<K;k+=blockDim.x){float a=0;for(int d=0;d<Q;d++)
        a+=qs[d]*weight_at(weights,fmt,(size_t)(rbase+d)*row_bytes(fmt,K),k)*
          (fmt?wscale[rbase+d]:1.f);qa[k]=a;}
    __syncthreads();
    for(int t=tid;t<nt;t+=blockDim.x){float a=0;const float *lt=latent+(size_t)t*K;
        const float *rt=rope+(size_t)t*R;for(int k=0;k<K;k++)a+=qa[k]*lt[k];
        for(int d=0;d<R;d++)a+=qs[Q+d]*rt[d];scores[t]=a*scale;}
    __syncthreads();
    float local=-3.402823466e+38F;for(int t=tid;t<nt;t+=blockDim.x)local=fmaxf(local,scores[t]);
    red[tid]=local;__syncthreads();
    for(int n=blockDim.x>>1;n;n>>=1){if(tid<n)red[tid]=fmaxf(red[tid],red[tid+n]);__syncthreads();}
    float mx=red[0];local=0;for(int t=tid;t<nt;t+=blockDim.x){float e=expf(scores[t]-mx);scores[t]=e;local+=e;}
    red[tid]=local;__syncthreads();
    for(int n=blockDim.x>>1;n;n>>=1){if(tid<n)red[tid]+=red[tid+n];__syncthreads();}
    float inv=1.f/red[0];for(int t=tid;t<nt;t+=blockDim.x)scores[t]*=inv;
    __syncthreads();
    for(int k=tid;k<K;k+=blockDim.x){float a=0;for(int t=0;t<nt;t++)
        a+=scores[t]*latent[(size_t)t*K+k];cl[k]=a;}
    __syncthreads();
    for(int v=tid;v<V;v+=blockDim.x){int row=rbase+Q+v;float a=0;size_t rb=row_bytes(fmt,K);
        for(int k=0;k<K;k++)a+=cl[k]*weight_at(weights,fmt,(size_t)row*rb,k);
        ctx[((size_t)s*H+h)*V+v]=a*(fmt?wscale[row]:1.f);}
 }
 static int reserve(float **ptr, size_t *cap, size_t bytes) {
    if (*cap >= bytes) return 1;
    if (*ptr) cudaFree(*ptr);
@@ -286,6 +381,7 @@ extern "C" int coli_cuda_init(const int *devices, int count) {
        if (!select_ctx(ctx)) { g_nctx = 0; return 0; }
        cudaDeviceProp prop{};
        if (!cuda_ok(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, device), "device properties")) { g_nctx = 0; return 0; }
        ctx->compute_major=prop.major;ctx->compute_minor=prop.minor;
        if(!cuda_ok(cudaStreamCreateWithFlags(&ctx->stream,cudaStreamNonBlocking),"stream creation")){
            g_nctx=0;return 0;
        }
@@ -307,6 +403,7 @@ extern "C" void coli_cuda_shutdown(void) {
        if (ctx->qx) cudaFree(ctx->qx);
        if (ctx->qscale) cudaFree(ctx->qscale);
        if(ctx->aq)cudaFree(ctx->aq);if(ctx->al)cudaFree(ctx->al);if(ctx->ar)cudaFree(ctx->ar);if(ctx->ac)cudaFree(ctx->ac);
        for(int b=0;b<24;b++) if(ctx->pipe_buf[b]) cudaFree(ctx->pipe_buf[b]);
        if (ctx->host_x) cudaFreeHost(ctx->host_x);
        if (ctx->host_y) cudaFreeHost(ctx->host_y);
        if (ctx->stream) cudaStreamDestroy(ctx->stream);
@@ -453,6 +550,34 @@ extern "C" int coli_cuda_expert_mlp(ColiCudaTensor *gate, ColiCudaTensor *up,
    return 1;
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_shared_mlp_w4a16(ColiCudaTensor *gate,ColiCudaTensor *up,
        ColiCudaTensor *down,float *y,const float *x,int S){
    if(!gate||!up||!down||!x||!y||S<1||gate->fmt!=2||up->fmt!=2||down->fmt!=2||
       gate->device!=up->device||gate->device!=down->device||gate->I!=up->I||
       gate->O!=up->O||down->I!=gate->O||down->O!=gate->I)return 0;
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(gate->device);if(!select_ctx(ctx)||ctx->compute_major<7)return 0;
    int D=gate->I,I=gate->O;size_t xb=(size_t)S*D*sizeof(float),ib=(size_t)S*I*sizeof(float);
    if(!reserve(&ctx->x,&ctx->x_cap,xb)||!reserve(&ctx->gate,&ctx->gate_cap,ib)||
       !reserve(&ctx->up,&ctx->up_cap,ib)||!reserve(&ctx->y,&ctx->y_cap,xb)||
       !reserve_pinned(&ctx->host_x,&ctx->host_x_cap,xb)||
       !reserve_pinned(&ctx->host_y,&ctx->host_y_cap,xb))return 0;
    std::memcpy(ctx->host_x,x,xb);
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyAsync(ctx->x,ctx->host_x,xb,cudaMemcpyHostToDevice,ctx->stream),
                               "shared w4a16 input upload"))return 0;
    dim3 hidden((unsigned)((I+63)/64),(unsigned)((S+15)/16));
    dim3 output((unsigned)((D+63)/64),(unsigned)((S+15)/16));
    w4a16_gate_up<<<hidden,256,0,ctx->stream>>>(ctx->gate,ctx->up,ctx->x,
        (const uint8_t*)gate->weights,(const uint8_t*)up->weights,gate->scales,up->scales,S,D,I);
    silu_mul<<<(unsigned)(((size_t)S*I+255)/256),256,0,ctx->stream>>>(ctx->gate,ctx->up,(size_t)S*I);
    w4a16_matmul<<<output,128,0,ctx->stream>>>(ctx->y,ctx->gate,(const uint8_t*)down->weights,down->scales,S,I,D);
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"shared w4a16 launch")||
       !cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyAsync(ctx->host_y,ctx->y,xb,cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost,ctx->stream),
                               "shared w4a16 output download")||
       !cuda_ok(cudaStreamSynchronize(ctx->stream),"shared w4a16 synchronize"))return 0;
    std::memcpy(y,ctx->host_y,xb);
    return 1;
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_expert_group(ColiCudaTensor *const *gates,
                                        ColiCudaTensor *const *ups,
                                        ColiCudaTensor *const *downs,
@@ -510,6 +635,38 @@ extern "C" int coli_cuda_expert_group(ColiCudaTensor *const *gates,
        silu_mul<<<(unsigned)(((size_t)total*I+255)/256),256,0,ctx->stream>>>(ctx->gate,ctx->up,(size_t)total*I);
        quantize_s4_rows<<<total,256,0,ctx->stream>>>(ctx->qx,ctx->qscale,ctx->gate,total,I);
        grouped_s4_wmma<<<dim3((unsigned)((D+63)/64),(unsigned)count),256,0,ctx->stream>>>(ctx->y,ctx->qx,ctx->qscale,dev,I,D,2);
    }else if(all_s4&&ctx->compute_major>=7&&getenv("COLI_CUDA_TC_W4A16")&&
             atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_TC_W4A16"))){
        /* W4A16 Tensor Core per gruppo: attivazioni fp16 per tile (lossless al
         * contrario del path W4A4), un lancio per expert dentro lo stream —
         * l'overhead di lancio e' trascurabile rispetto ai GEMM. */
        int tc16_min=getenv("COLI_CUDA_TC_W4A16_MIN")?atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_TC_W4A16_MIN")):16;
        int off16=0;
        for(int c=0;c<count;c++){
            int r=rows[c];
            float *g16=ctx->gate+(size_t)off16*I,*u16=ctx->up+(size_t)off16*I;
            float *x16=ctx->x+(size_t)off16*D,*y16=ctx->y+(size_t)off16*D;
            if(r>=tc16_min){
                dim3 hg16((unsigned)((I+63)/64),(unsigned)((r+15)/16));
                dim3 og16((unsigned)((D+63)/64),(unsigned)((r+15)/16));
                w4a16_gate_up<<<hg16,256,0,ctx->stream>>>(g16,u16,x16,
                    (const uint8_t*)host[c].g,(const uint8_t*)host[c].u,host[c].gs,host[c].us,r,D,I);
                silu_mul<<<(unsigned)(((size_t)r*I+255)/256),256,0,ctx->stream>>>(g16,u16,(size_t)r*I);
                w4a16_matmul<<<og16,128,0,ctx->stream>>>(y16,g16,
                    (const uint8_t*)host[c].d,host[c].ds,r,I,D);
            }else{
                /* piccoli batch: tile TC quasi vuoti + overhead di lancio — il
                 * kernel naive per-elemento resta piu' veloce (misurato in decode) */
                quant_matmul<<<dim3((unsigned)I,(unsigned)r),256,0,ctx->stream>>>(g16,x16,
                    host[c].g,host[c].gs,host[c].gf,r,D,I,row_bytes(host[c].gf,D));
                quant_matmul<<<dim3((unsigned)I,(unsigned)r),256,0,ctx->stream>>>(u16,x16,
                    host[c].u,host[c].us,host[c].uf,r,D,I,row_bytes(host[c].uf,D));
                silu_mul<<<(unsigned)(((size_t)r*I+255)/256),256,0,ctx->stream>>>(g16,u16,(size_t)r*I);
                quant_matmul<<<dim3((unsigned)D,(unsigned)r),256,0,ctx->stream>>>(y16,g16,
                    host[c].d,host[c].ds,host[c].df,r,I,D,row_bytes(host[c].df,I));
            }
            off16+=r;
        }
    }else if(all_s4&&(!getenv("COLI_CUDA_W4_PACKED")||atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_W4_PACKED")))){
        dim3 hg((unsigned)I,(unsigned)max_rows,(unsigned)count),og((unsigned)D,(unsigned)max_rows,(unsigned)count);
        int dual=!getenv("COLI_CUDA_DUAL_PROJ")||atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_DUAL_PROJ"));
@@ -547,6 +704,7 @@ extern "C" int coli_cuda_expert_group(ColiCudaTensor *const *gates,
    return 1;
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_attention_absorb(ColiCudaTensor *w,float *ctx,const float *q,
                                            const float *latent,const float *rope,int H,int Q,
                                            int R,int V,int K,int T,float scale){
@@ -569,6 +727,49 @@ extern "C" int coli_cuda_attention_absorb(ColiCudaTensor *w,float *ctx,const flo
    return 1;
 }
 static int attention_absorb_batch_run(ColiCudaTensor *w,ColiCudaTensor *proj,float *out,
        const float *q,const float *latent,const float *rope,int S,int H,int Q,int R,int V,
        int K,int T,float scale){
    if(!w||!out||!q||!latent||!rope||S<1||H<1||Q<1||R<1||V<1||K<1||K>512||
       T<S||T>8192||w->I!=K||w->O!=H*(Q+V))return 0;
    if(proj&&(proj->device!=w->device||proj->I!=H*V))return 0;
    DeviceContext *dc=find_ctx(w->device);if(!select_ctx(dc))return 0;
    size_t qb=(size_t)S*H*(Q+R)*sizeof(float),lb=(size_t)T*K*sizeof(float);
    size_t rb=(size_t)T*R*sizeof(float),cb=(size_t)S*H*V*sizeof(float);
    if(!reserve(&dc->aq,&dc->aq_cap,qb)||!reserve(&dc->al,&dc->al_cap,lb)||
       !reserve(&dc->ar,&dc->ar_cap,rb)||!reserve(&dc->ac,&dc->ac_cap,cb))return 0;
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyAsync(dc->aq,q,qb,cudaMemcpyHostToDevice,dc->stream),"attention batch q upload")||
       !cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyAsync(dc->al,latent,lb,cudaMemcpyHostToDevice,dc->stream),"attention batch latent upload")||
       !cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyAsync(dc->ar,rope,rb,cudaMemcpyHostToDevice,dc->stream),"attention batch rope upload"))return 0;
    size_t shared=(size_t)(2*K+T+256)*sizeof(float);
    attention_absorb_batch_kernel<<<dim3(H,S),256,shared,dc->stream>>>(dc->ac,dc->aq,dc->al,
        dc->ar,w->weights,w->scales,w->fmt,S,H,Q,R,V,K,T,scale);
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"attention batch launch"))return 0;
    const float *src=dc->ac;size_t ob=cb;
    if(proj){
        ob=(size_t)S*proj->O*sizeof(float);if(!reserve(&dc->y,&dc->y_cap,ob))return 0;
        quant_matmul<<<dim3(proj->O,S),256,0,dc->stream>>>(dc->y,dc->ac,proj->weights,
            proj->scales,proj->fmt,S,proj->I,proj->O,row_bytes(proj->fmt,proj->I));
        if(!cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"attention o_proj launch"))return 0;src=dc->y;
    }
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyAsync(out,src,ob,cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost,dc->stream),
                               proj?"attention projected output download":"attention batch context download")||
       !cuda_ok(cudaStreamSynchronize(dc->stream),"attention batch synchronize"))return 0;
    return 1;
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_attention_absorb_batch(ColiCudaTensor *w,float *ctx,const float *q,
        const float *latent,const float *rope,int S,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,
        float scale){
    return attention_absorb_batch_run(w,nullptr,ctx,q,latent,rope,S,H,Q,R,V,K,T,scale);
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_attention_project_batch(ColiCudaTensor *w,ColiCudaTensor *proj,
        float *out,const float *q,const float *latent,const float *rope,int S,int H,int Q,
        int R,int V,int K,int T,float scale){
    return attention_absorb_batch_run(w,proj,out,q,latent,rope,S,H,Q,R,V,K,T,scale);
 }
 extern "C" void coli_cuda_tensor_free(ColiCudaTensor *tensor) {
    if (!tensor) return;
    DeviceContext *ctx = find_ctx(tensor->device);
@@ -590,3 +791,234 @@ extern "C" size_t coli_cuda_tensor_bytes(const ColiCudaTensor *tensor) {
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_tensor_device(const ColiCudaTensor *tensor) {
    return tensor ? tensor->device : -1;
 }
 /* ==== resident-pipeline primitives (Inc.0, 2026-07-13) ====
 * Device-side building blocks so the residual stream can stay on the layer's
 * home device across a whole layer. Control flow stays on CPU; only the data
 * plane lives here. All entry points take DEVICE pointers (no transfers) —
 * the caller owns staging via the pipe buffer API below. */
 __global__ static void pipe_rmsnorm_rows(float *y,const float *x,const float *w,
                                         int D,float eps,int xstride,int ystride){
    const float *xr=x+(size_t)blockIdx.x*xstride; float *yr=y+(size_t)blockIdx.x*ystride;
    __shared__ double sh[256];
    double a=0; for(int i=threadIdx.x;i<D;i+=blockDim.x){ double v=xr[i]; a+=v*v; }
    sh[threadIdx.x]=a; __syncthreads();
    for(int s=blockDim.x/2;s>0;s>>=1){ if(threadIdx.x<s) sh[threadIdx.x]+=sh[threadIdx.x+s]; __syncthreads(); }
    float r=rsqrtf((float)(sh[0]/D)+eps);
    for(int i=threadIdx.x;i<D;i+=blockDim.x) yr[i]=xr[i]*r*w[i];
 }
 /* RoPE interleaved, identical math to glm.c rope_interleave. One block per row;
 * row layout: v + row*stride + offset holds R floats. pos index = row/heads
 * (heads=1 for k_rot rows, heads=H for [S,H,qh] query rows). */
 __global__ static void pipe_rope_rows(float *v,const int *pos,int pos_base,int stride,
                                      int offset,int R,int heads,float theta){
    float *p=v+(size_t)blockIdx.x*stride+offset;
    int half=R/2, ps=pos?pos[blockIdx.x/heads]:pos_base+(int)(blockIdx.x/heads);
    __shared__ float in[256];
    for(int j=threadIdx.x;j<R;j+=blockDim.x) in[j]=p[j];
    __syncthreads();
    for(int j=threadIdx.x;j<half;j+=blockDim.x){
        float inv=__powf(theta,-2.0f*j/R);
        float ang=ps*inv, cs=__cosf(ang), sn=__sinf(ang);
        float a=in[2*j], b=in[2*j+1];
        p[j]=a*cs-b*sn; p[half+j]=b*cs+a*sn;
    }
 }
 __global__ static void pipe_add_n(float *x,const float *t,size_t n){
    size_t i=(size_t)blockIdx.x*blockDim.x+threadIdx.x;
    if(i<n) x[i]+=t[i];
 }
 /* Fixed-order partial merge: block b adds partial row b into x row rows[b].
 * Target rows are unique by construction (CPU pre-sums per token), so no
 * atomics — the 9.20.7 lesson. */
 __global__ static void pipe_rows_add(float *x,const float *partial,const int *rows,
                                     int D){
    float *xr=x+(size_t)rows[blockIdx.x]*D;
    const float *pr=partial+(size_t)blockIdx.x*D;
    for(int i=threadIdx.x;i<D;i+=blockDim.x) xr[i]+=pr[i];
 }
 /* scratch persistente per (device,slot): cresce e resta — niente cudaMalloc/Free
 * per layer (78 x ~10 alloc/richiesta erano puro churn). */
 extern "C" float *coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(int device,int slot,size_t bytes){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device);
    if(slot<0||slot>=24||!select_ctx(ctx)) return NULL;
    if(!reserve(&ctx->pipe_buf[slot],&ctx->pipe_cap[slot],bytes)) return NULL;
    return ctx->pipe_buf[slot];
 }
 extern "C" void *coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(int device,size_t bytes){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device); if(!select_ctx(ctx)) return NULL;
    void *p=NULL;
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaMalloc(&p,bytes),"pipe alloc")) return NULL;
    return p;
 }
 extern "C" void coli_cuda_pipe_free(int device,void *p){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device); if(!p||!select_ctx(ctx)) return;
    cudaFree(p);
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_upload(int device,void *dst,const void *src,size_t bytes){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device); if(!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    return cuda_ok(cudaMemcpy(dst,src,bytes,cudaMemcpyHostToDevice),"pipe upload");
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_download(int device,const void *src,void *dst,size_t bytes){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device); if(!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    return cuda_ok(cudaMemcpy(dst,src,bytes,cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost),"pipe download");
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_rmsnorm(int device,float *y_dev,const float *x_dev,
                                      const float *w_dev,int S,int D,float eps){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device);
    if(S<1||D<1||!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    pipe_rmsnorm_rows<<<S,256>>>(y_dev,x_dev,w_dev,D,eps,D,D);
    return cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe rmsnorm");
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_rmsnorm_s(int device,float *y_dev,const float *x_dev,
                                        const float *w_dev,int S,int D,float eps,
                                        int xstride,int ystride){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device);
    if(S<1||D<1||xstride<D||ystride<D||!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    pipe_rmsnorm_rows<<<S,256>>>(y_dev,x_dev,w_dev,D,eps,xstride,ystride);
    return cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe rmsnorm strided");
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_rope(int device,float *v_dev,const int *pos_dev,
                                   int rows,int stride,int offset,int R,int heads,
                                   float theta){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device);
    if(rows<1||R<2||R>256||heads<1||!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    pipe_rope_rows<<<rows,128>>>(v_dev,pos_dev,0,stride,offset,R,heads,theta);
    return cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe rope");
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_rope_base(int device,float *v_dev,int pos_base,int rows,
                                        int stride,int offset,int R,int heads,float theta){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device);
    if(rows<1||R<2||R>256||heads<1||!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    pipe_rope_rows<<<rows,128>>>(v_dev,NULL,pos_base,stride,offset,R,heads,theta);
    return cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe rope base");
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_copy2d(int device,float *dst,int dpitch,const float *src,
                                     int spitch,int width,int height){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device); if(!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    return cuda_ok(cudaMemcpy2D(dst,(size_t)dpitch*4,src,(size_t)spitch*4,
        (size_t)width*4,height,cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice),"pipe copy2d");
 }
 /* attention batch + fused o_proj with DEVICE-resident q/latent/rope: the whole
 * upstream projection chain stayed on this device, so nothing is uploaded here.
 * Only the final [S,O] projection is downloaded to host. */
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_attention_project_batch_dev(ColiCudaTensor *w,ColiCudaTensor *proj,
        float *out,const float *q_dev,const float *latent_dev,const float *rope_dev,
        int S,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,float scale){
    if(!w||!proj||!out||!q_dev||!latent_dev||!rope_dev||S<1||H<1||Q<1||R<1||V<1||
       K<1||K>512||T<S||T>8192||w->I!=K||w->O!=H*(Q+V)||
       proj->device!=w->device||proj->I!=H*V)return 0;
    DeviceContext *dc=find_ctx(w->device);if(!select_ctx(dc))return 0;
    size_t cb=(size_t)S*H*V*sizeof(float);
    if(!reserve(&dc->ac,&dc->ac_cap,cb))return 0;
    size_t shared=(size_t)(2*K+T+256)*sizeof(float);
    attention_absorb_batch_kernel<<<dim3(H,S),256,shared,dc->stream>>>(dc->ac,q_dev,latent_dev,
        rope_dev,w->weights,w->scales,w->fmt,S,H,Q,R,V,K,T,scale);
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe attention launch"))return 0;
    size_t ob=(size_t)S*proj->O*sizeof(float);
    if(!reserve(&dc->y,&dc->y_cap,ob))return 0;
    quant_matmul<<<dim3(proj->O,S),256,0,dc->stream>>>(dc->y,dc->ac,proj->weights,
        proj->scales,proj->fmt,S,proj->I,proj->O,row_bytes(proj->fmt,proj->I));
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe o_proj launch"))return 0;
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyAsync(out,dc->y,ob,cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost,dc->stream),"pipe attention download")||
       !cuda_ok(cudaStreamSynchronize(dc->stream),"pipe attention sync"))return 0;
    return 1;
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_silu_mul(int device,float *gate_dev,const float *up_dev,
                                       size_t n){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device); if(!n||!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    silu_mul<<<(unsigned)((n+255)/256),256>>>(gate_dev,up_dev,n);
    return cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe silu mul");
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_add(int device,float *x_dev,const float *t_dev,size_t n){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device); if(!n||!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    pipe_add_n<<<(unsigned)((n+255)/256),256>>>(x_dev,t_dev,n);
    return cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe add");
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_rows_add(int device,float *x_dev,const float *partial_dev,
                                       const int *rows_dev,int nrows,int D){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device); if(nrows<1||D<1||!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    pipe_rows_add<<<nrows,256>>>(x_dev,partial_dev,rows_dev,D);
    return cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe rows add");
 }
 /* GEMM with device-resident activations: same quant_matmul kernel as
 * coli_cuda_matmul, zero host transfers. */
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(ColiCudaTensor *t,float *y_dev,const float *x_dev,
                                   int S){
    if(!t||S<1) return 0;
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(t->device); if(!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    dim3 grid((unsigned)t->O,(unsigned)S);
    quant_matmul<<<grid,256>>>(y_dev,x_dev,t->weights,t->scales,t->fmt,S,t->I,t->O,
        row_bytes(t->fmt,t->I));
    return cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe gemm");
 }
 /* copia diretta scheda->scheda (P2P se disponibile, altrimenti staging driver) */
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_peer_copy(int dst_dev,float *dst,int src_dev,
                                        const float *src,size_t bytes){
    if(!dst||!src) return 0;
    if(dst_dev==src_dev){ DeviceContext *c=find_ctx(dst_dev); if(!select_ctx(c)) return 0;
        return cuda_ok(cudaMemcpy(dst,src,bytes,cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice),"pipe intra copy"); }
    return cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyPeer(dst,dst_dev,src,src_dev,bytes),"pipe peer copy");
 }
 /* come attention_project_batch_dev ma l'uscita di o_proj RESTA sul device (out_dev). */
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_attention_project_batch_dev_out(ColiCudaTensor *w,ColiCudaTensor *proj,
        float *out_dev,const float *q_dev,const float *latent_dev,const float *rope_dev,
        int S,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,float scale){
    if(!w||!proj||!out_dev||!q_dev||!latent_dev||!rope_dev||S<1||H<1||Q<1||R<1||V<1||
       K<1||K>512||T<S||T>8192||w->I!=K||w->O!=H*(Q+V)||
       proj->device!=w->device||proj->I!=H*V)return 0;
    DeviceContext *dc=find_ctx(w->device);if(!select_ctx(dc))return 0;
    size_t cb=(size_t)S*H*V*sizeof(float);
    if(!reserve(&dc->ac,&dc->ac_cap,cb))return 0;
    size_t shared=(size_t)(2*K+T+256)*sizeof(float);
    attention_absorb_batch_kernel<<<dim3(H,S),256,shared,dc->stream>>>(dc->ac,q_dev,latent_dev,
        rope_dev,w->weights,w->scales,w->fmt,S,H,Q,R,V,K,T,scale);
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe attention launch (dev out)"))return 0;
    quant_matmul<<<dim3(proj->O,S),256,0,dc->stream>>>(out_dev,dc->ac,proj->weights,
        proj->scales,proj->fmt,S,proj->I,proj->O,row_bytes(proj->fmt,proj->I));
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe o_proj launch (dev out)"))return 0;
    return cuda_ok(cudaStreamSynchronize(dc->stream),"pipe attention sync (dev out)");
 }
 /* absorb batch con TUTTO su device (q/latent/rope gia' residenti sulla scheda
 * dello shard, ctx resta sul device): il cuore della attention head-shardata
 * dentro il pipeline. Nessun trasferimento host. */
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_attention_absorb_batch_dev(ColiCudaTensor *w,float *ctx_dev,
        const float *q_dev,const float *latent_dev,const float *rope_dev,
        int S,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,float scale){
    if(!w||!ctx_dev||!q_dev||!latent_dev||!rope_dev||S<1||H<1||Q<1||R<1||V<1||
       K<1||K>512||T<S||T>8192||w->I!=K||w->O!=H*(Q+V))return 0;
    DeviceContext *dc=find_ctx(w->device);if(!select_ctx(dc))return 0;
    size_t shared=(size_t)(2*K+T+256)*sizeof(float);
    attention_absorb_batch_kernel<<<dim3(H,S),256,shared,dc->stream>>>(ctx_dev,q_dev,latent_dev,
        rope_dev,w->weights,w->scales,w->fmt,S,H,Q,R,V,K,T,scale);
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"pipe shard attention launch"))return 0;
    return cuda_ok(cudaStreamSynchronize(dc->stream),"pipe shard attention sync");
 }
 /* absorb per il DECODE con KV gia' residente: carica solo q (poche KB),
 * latent/rope arrivano dall'ombra device. ctx torna a host (S piccolo). */
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_attention_absorb_kvdev(ColiCudaTensor *w,float *ctx,const float *q,
        const float *latent_dev,const float *rope_dev,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,
        float scale){
    if(!w||!ctx||!q||!latent_dev||!rope_dev||H<1||Q<1||R<1||V<1||K<1||K>512||T<1||T>8192||
       w->I!=K||w->O!=H*(Q+V))return 0;
    DeviceContext *dc=find_ctx(w->device);if(!select_ctx(dc))return 0;
    size_t qb=(size_t)H*(Q+R)*sizeof(float),cb=(size_t)H*V*sizeof(float);
    if(!reserve(&dc->aq,&dc->aq_cap,qb)||!reserve(&dc->ac,&dc->ac_cap,cb))return 0;
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyAsync(dc->aq,q,qb,cudaMemcpyHostToDevice,dc->stream),"kvdev q upload"))return 0;
    size_t shared=(size_t)(2*K+T+256)*sizeof(float);
    attention_absorb_batch_kernel<<<dim3(H,1),256,shared,dc->stream>>>(dc->ac,dc->aq,latent_dev,
        rope_dev,w->weights,w->scales,w->fmt,1,H,Q,R,V,K,T,scale);
    if(!cuda_ok(cudaGetLastError(),"kvdev absorb launch")||
       !cuda_ok(cudaMemcpyAsync(ctx,dc->ac,cb,cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost,dc->stream),"kvdev ctx download")||
       !cuda_ok(cudaStreamSynchronize(dc->stream),"kvdev absorb sync"))return 0;
    return 1;
 }
 extern "C" int coli_cuda_pipe_sync(int device){
    DeviceContext *ctx=find_ctx(device); if(!select_ctx(ctx)) return 0;
    return cuda_ok(cudaDeviceSynchronize(),"pipe sync");
 }
@@ -56,6 +56,14 @@ COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT int coli_cuda_matmul(ColiCudaTensor **tensor,
 COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT int coli_cuda_expert_mlp(ColiCudaTensor *gate, ColiCudaTensor *up,
                         ColiCudaTensor *down, float *y, const float *x, int S);
 /* Prefill-oriented shared expert path.  INT4 weights stay packed in global
 * memory, activations are converted to FP16 per tile, and Tensor Cores
 * accumulate into FP32.  Unlike COLI_CUDA_TC_INT4 this does not quantize the
 * activation to INT4. */
 int coli_cuda_shared_mlp_w4a16(ColiCudaTensor *gate, ColiCudaTensor *up,
                               ColiCudaTensor *down, float *y,
                               const float *x, int S);
 /* Packed group of same-shaped experts. Inputs and outputs contain sum(rows)
 * consecutive [D] rows in call order. */
 COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT int coli_cuda_expert_group(ColiCudaTensor *const *gates,
@@ -69,6 +77,21 @@ COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT int coli_cuda_attention_absorb(ColiCudaTensor *kv_b,float *c
                               const float *latent,const float *rope,int H,int Q,
                               int R,int V,int K,int T,float attention_scale);
 /* Causal MLA absorption for S contiguous rows from one sequence.  The KV
 * arrays contain T rows ending at the final query; query s attends T-S+s+1
 * rows.  One transfer and one launch replace S host round-trips. */
 COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT int coli_cuda_attention_absorb_batch(ColiCudaTensor *kv_b,float *ctx,const float *q,
                                     const float *latent,const float *rope,int S,
                                     int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,
                                     float attention_scale);
 /* Same attention batch followed immediately by resident o_proj on the same
 * device.  Only the final [S,D] tensor crosses back to the host. */
 COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT int coli_cuda_attention_project_batch(ColiCudaTensor *kv_b,ColiCudaTensor *o_proj,
                                      float *out,const float *q,const float *latent,
                                      const float *rope,int S,int H,int Q,int R,
                                      int V,int K,int T,float attention_scale);
 COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT void coli_cuda_tensor_free(ColiCudaTensor *tensor);
 COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT size_t coli_cuda_tensor_bytes(const ColiCudaTensor *tensor);
 COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT int coli_cuda_tensor_device(const ColiCudaTensor *tensor);
@@ -77,8 +100,47 @@ COLI_CUDA_DLLEXPORT int coli_cuda_tensor_device(const ColiCudaTensor *tensor);
 int coli_cuda_tensor_update(ColiCudaTensor *tensor,
                            const void *weights, const float *scales);
 /* ---- resident-pipeline primitives (Inc.0): device-pointer entry points ---- */
 float *coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(int device,int slot,size_t bytes);
 void *coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(int device,size_t bytes);
 void coli_cuda_pipe_free(int device,void *p);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_upload(int device,void *dst,const void *src,size_t bytes);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_download(int device,const void *src,void *dst,size_t bytes);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_rmsnorm(int device,float *y_dev,const float *x_dev,
                           const float *w_dev,int S,int D,float eps);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_rope(int device,float *v_dev,const int *pos_dev,int rows,
                        int stride,int offset,int R,int heads,float theta);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_silu_mul(int device,float *gate_dev,const float *up_dev,size_t n);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_add(int device,float *x_dev,const float *t_dev,size_t n);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_rows_add(int device,float *x_dev,const float *partial_dev,
                            const int *rows_dev,int nrows,int D);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(ColiCudaTensor *t,float *y_dev,const float *x_dev,int S);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_rmsnorm_s(int device,float *y_dev,const float *x_dev,
                             const float *w_dev,int S,int D,float eps,
                             int xstride,int ystride);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_rope_base(int device,float *v_dev,int pos_base,int rows,
                             int stride,int offset,int R,int heads,float theta);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_copy2d(int device,float *dst,int dpitch,const float *src,
                          int spitch,int width,int height);
 int coli_cuda_attention_project_batch_dev(ColiCudaTensor *kv_b,ColiCudaTensor *o_proj,
        float *out,const float *q_dev,const float *latent_dev,const float *rope_dev,
        int S,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,float scale);
 int coli_cuda_attention_absorb_batch_dev(ColiCudaTensor *kv_b_shard,float *ctx_dev,
        const float *q_dev,const float *latent_dev,const float *rope_dev,
        int S,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,float scale);
 int coli_cuda_attention_absorb_kvdev(ColiCudaTensor *kv_b,float *ctx,const float *q,
        const float *latent_dev,const float *rope_dev,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,
        float scale);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_peer_copy(int dst_dev,float *dst,int src_dev,
                             const float *src,size_t bytes);
 int coli_cuda_attention_project_batch_dev_out(ColiCudaTensor *kv_b,ColiCudaTensor *o_proj,
        float *out_dev,const float *q_dev,const float *latent_dev,const float *rope_dev,
        int S,int H,int Q,int R,int V,int K,int T,float scale);
 int coli_cuda_pipe_sync(int device);
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -113,6 +113,11 @@ typedef struct {
    float *in_ln, *post_ln;
    /* MLA (densa, quantizzata) */
    QT q_a, q_b, kv_a, kv_b, o; float *q_a_ln, *kv_a_ln;
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
    ColiCudaTensor *kv_b_shard[COLI_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES];
    int shard_h0[COLI_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES],shard_hn[COLI_CUDA_MAX_DEVICES],n_kv_b_shard;
    int shared_w4a16_failed;
 #endif
    int sparse;
    /* dense mlp (sparse==0) */
    QT gate_proj, up_proj, down_proj;
@@ -152,6 +157,7 @@ typedef struct {
    int *kv_start;                               /* prima pos valida nella KV del layer (MTP: parziale) */
    KVState *kv;
    ESlot **ecache; int *ecn; int ecap;          /* LRU expert per-layer */
    float **kv_dev_L, **kv_dev_R; int *kv_dev_valid; /* ombra KV su device (decode) */
    ESlot ws[64];                                /* working set del layer corrente (load paralleli) */
    ESlot **pin; int *npin;                      /* HOT-STORE: expert pinnati in RAM (mai evicted) */
    uint32_t **eusage;                           /* contatori persistenti (per STATS/PIN) */
@@ -1065,6 +1071,33 @@ static float *ld(Model *m, const char *name){   /* tensore 1D f32 residente (nor
    float *p=(float*)qalloc((size_t)n*sizeof(float));   /* registrato per la GPU sotto METAL */
    st_read_f32(&m->S,name,p,0); return p;
 }
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
 static void qt_cuda_colocate(QT *dst,const QT *src){
    if(!g_cuda_enabled||!g_cuda_dense||!dst->cuda_eligible||!src->cuda_eligible||
       dst->cuda_device==src->cuda_device)return;
    int old=-1,now=-1;for(int i=0;i<g_cuda_ndev;i++){
        if(g_cuda_devices[i]==dst->cuda_device)old=i;if(g_cuda_devices[i]==src->cuda_device)now=i;
    }
    if(old>=0)g_cuda_dense_projected[old]-=qt_bytes(dst);
    if(now>=0)g_cuda_dense_projected[now]+=qt_bytes(dst);
    dst->cuda_device=src->cuda_device;
 }
 static void layer_cuda_shard_kvb(Layer *l,int H,int Q,int V){
    if(!g_cuda_enabled||!g_cuda_dense||g_cuda_ndev<2||l->kv_b.fmt==0)return;
    int rb=l->kv_b.fmt==1?l->kv_b.I:(l->kv_b.fmt==2?(l->kv_b.I+1)/2:(l->kv_b.I+3)/4);
    const uint8_t *weights=l->kv_b.fmt==1?(const uint8_t*)l->kv_b.q8:l->kv_b.q4;
    for(int d=0,h0=0;d<g_cuda_ndev;d++){
        int hn=H/g_cuda_ndev+(d<H%g_cuda_ndev),rows=hn*(Q+V);
        const void *part=weights+(int64_t)h0*(Q+V)*rb;
        const float *scale=l->kv_b.s+(int64_t)h0*(Q+V);
        if(!coli_cuda_tensor_upload(&l->kv_b_shard[d],part,scale,l->kv_b.fmt,l->kv_b.I,rows,g_cuda_devices[d]))return;
        l->shard_h0[d]=h0;l->shard_hn[d]=hn;l->n_kv_b_shard++;h0+=hn;
    }
    int old=-1;for(int i=0;i<g_cuda_ndev;i++)if(g_cuda_devices[i]==l->kv_b.cuda_device)old=i;
    if(old>=0)g_cuda_dense_projected[old]-=qt_bytes(&l->kv_b);
    l->kv_b.cuda_eligible=0;
 }
 #endif
 static void model_init(Model *m, const char *snap, int cap, int ebits, int dbits){
    memset(m,0,sizeof(*m)); m->ebits=ebits; m->dbits=dbits;
@@ -1079,6 +1112,8 @@ static void model_init(Model *m, const char *snap, int cap, int ebits, int dbits
    m->L=calloc(c->n_layers,sizeof(Layer));
    int NR=c->n_layers+1;                        /* +1: riga del layer MTP */
    m->ecap=cap; m->ecache=calloc(NR,sizeof(ESlot*)); m->ecn=calloc(NR,sizeof(int));
    m->kv_dev_L=calloc(NR,sizeof(float*)); m->kv_dev_R=calloc(NR,sizeof(float*));
    m->kv_dev_valid=calloc(NR,sizeof(int));
    m->eroute=calloc(NR,sizeof(int*)); m->enr=calloc(NR,sizeof(int));
    m->pin=calloc(NR,sizeof(ESlot*)); m->npin=calloc(NR,sizeof(int));
    m->eusage=calloc(NR,sizeof(uint32_t*)); m->eheat=calloc(NR,sizeof(uint32_t*));
@@ -1097,6 +1132,14 @@ static void model_init(Model *m, const char *snap, int cap, int ebits, int dbits
        l->kv_a_ln= ld(m,P("self_attn.kv_a_layernorm.weight"));
        l->kv_b  = qt_load(m,P("self_attn.kv_b_proj.weight"), H*(c->qk_nope+c->v_head), c->kv_lora, dbits);
        l->o     = qt_load(m,P("self_attn.o_proj.weight"), D, H*c->v_head, dbits);
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
        qt_cuda_colocate(&l->o,&l->kv_b);
        qt_cuda_colocate(&l->q_a,&l->kv_b);   /* PIPE: intera catena attention sulla */
        qt_cuda_colocate(&l->q_b,&l->kv_b);   /* stessa scheda / whole attention chain */
        qt_cuda_colocate(&l->kv_a,&l->kv_b);  /* on the layer home device */
        if(getenv("COLI_CUDA_ATTN_SHARD")&&atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_ATTN_SHARD")))
            layer_cuda_shard_kvb(l,H,c->qk_nope,c->v_head);
 #endif
        l->sparse = (i >= c->first_dense);
        if(!l->sparse){
            l->gate_proj = qt_load(m,P("mlp.gate_proj.weight"), c->dense_inter, D, dbits);
@@ -1109,6 +1152,11 @@ static void model_init(Model *m, const char *snap, int cap, int ebits, int dbits
            l->sh_gate = qt_load(m,P("mlp.shared_experts.gate_proj.weight"), sI, D, dbits);
            l->sh_up   = qt_load(m,P("mlp.shared_experts.up_proj.weight"),   sI, D, dbits);
            l->sh_down = qt_load(m,P("mlp.shared_experts.down_proj.weight"), D, sI, dbits);
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
            qt_cuda_colocate(&l->sh_gate,&l->kv_b);  /* PIPE2: shared chain on the layer home device */
            qt_cuda_colocate(&l->sh_up,&l->sh_gate);
            qt_cuda_colocate(&l->sh_down,&l->sh_gate);
 #endif
            m->ecache[i]=calloc(cap,sizeof(ESlot));
            m->eroute[i]=calloc(c->topk,sizeof(int));      /* metodo C: ultimo routing del layer */
            m->eusage[i]=calloc(c->n_experts,sizeof(uint32_t));
@@ -1573,7 +1621,10 @@ static void qt_matvec_rows(const QT *t, int r0, int n, const float *x, float *y)
        y[j]=(float)a;
    }
 }
-static int g_absorb=-1;   /* ABSORB: -1 auto (decode S<=4), 0 mai, 1 sempre (test) */
+static int g_absorb=-1;
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
 static int g_cuda_pipe=0;   /* COLI_CUDA_PIPE=1: prefill attention chain resident on the layer home device */
 #endif   /* ABSORB: -1 auto (decode S<=4), 0 mai, 1 sempre (test) */
 static int g_dsa_force=0; /* DSA_FORCE=1: selezione sempre attiva (test: top-min(k,T)=denso) */
 static int cmp_fdesc(const void *a,const void *b){
    float x=*(const float*)a, y=*(const float*)b; return x<y?1:x>y?-1:0; }
@@ -1581,6 +1632,141 @@ static int cmp_fdesc(const void *a,const void *b){
 /* attenzione MLA con KV-cache compressa, su token nuovi x[S,hidden], pos_base = pos del primo */
 /* kvs/pos describe a ragged decode batch: each row may belong to a different
 * sequence.  NULL keeps the original contiguous, currently-bound KV path. */
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
 /* Ombra KV su device per il DECODE: righe [0,upto) valide sulla scheda di kv_b.
 * L'host resta canonico; l'ombra si riallinea in blocco quando resta indietro e
 * viene invalidata da kv_bind / dalla riscrittura di righe gia' specchiate. */
 static int kv_dev_sync(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, int upto){
    Cfg *c=&m->c; int kvl=c->kv_lora, R=c->qk_rope, dev=l->kv_b.cuda_device;
    if(upto>m->max_t) return 0;
    if(!m->kv_dev_L[layer]){
        m->kv_dev_L[layer]=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(dev,(size_t)m->max_t*kvl*4);
        m->kv_dev_R[layer]=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(dev,(size_t)m->max_t*R*4);
        m->kv_dev_valid[layer]=0;
        if(!m->kv_dev_L[layer]||!m->kv_dev_R[layer]) return 0;
    }
    int v=m->kv_dev_valid[layer];
    if(v<upto){
        if(!coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,m->kv_dev_L[layer]+(size_t)v*kvl,
            coli_kv_row(m->kv->Lc[layer],v,kvl),(size_t)(upto-v)*kvl*4)||
           !coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,m->kv_dev_R[layer]+(size_t)v*R,
            coli_kv_row(m->kv->Rc[layer],v,R),(size_t)(upto-v)*R*4)) return 0;
        m->kv_dev_valid[layer]=upto;
    }
    return 1;
 }
 /* Inc.1a — catena attention residente sul device del layer / attention chain
 * resident on the layer home device. Proiezioni q/kv, norme, RoPE, batch
 * attention e o_proj girano sulla scheda di kv_b; scaricano solo out [S,D],
 * i nuovi record KV [S,kvl+R] e nulla altro. Ritorna 0 su qualsiasi errore:
 * il chiamante riesegue il percorso CPU (idempotente). */
 static int attn_pipe_prefill(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, const float *x, int x_is_dev,
                             int S, int pos_base, float *out, float *out_dev){
    Cfg *c=&m->c; int H=c->n_heads, D=c->hidden, qh=c->qk_head;
    int kvl=c->kv_lora, R=c->qk_rope, ql=c->q_lora;
    int dev=l->kv_b.cuda_device;
    if(l->q_a.cuda_device!=dev||l->q_b.cuda_device!=dev||
       l->kv_a.cuda_device!=dev||l->o.cuda_device!=dev) return 0;
    int st0=m->kv_start[layer], T=pos_base+S-st0, old=pos_base-st0;
    if(T<S||T>8192) return 0;
    double t0=now_s();
    size_t xb=(size_t)S*D*4, qrb=(size_t)S*ql*4, qb=(size_t)S*H*qh*4;
    size_t cb=(size_t)S*(kvl+R)*4, lb=(size_t)T*kvl*4, rb=(size_t)T*R*4;
    float *chost=NULL; int ok=0;
    /* scratch persistenti (slot fissi per device): zero churn di cudaMalloc */
    float *xd =x_is_dev?(float*)x:coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,0,xb);
    float *qrd=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,1,qrb);
    float *qd =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,2,qb),  *cd =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,3,cb);
    float *ld_=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,4,lb),  *rd =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,5,rb);
    float *w1 =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,6,(size_t)ql*4);
    float *w2 =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,7,(size_t)kvl*4);
    chost=(float*)malloc(cb);
    if(!xd||!qrd||!qd||!cd||!ld_||!rd||!w1||!w2||!chost) goto done;
    if((!x_is_dev&&!coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,xd,x,xb))||
       !coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,w1,l->q_a_ln,(size_t)ql*4)||
       !coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,w2,l->kv_a_ln,(size_t)kvl*4)) goto done;
    /* proiezioni + norme + rope, tutto sul device */
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(l->q_a.cuda,qrd,xd,S)) goto done;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_rmsnorm(dev,qrd,qrd,w1,S,ql,c->eps)) goto done;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(l->q_b.cuda,qd,qrd,S)) goto done;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_rope_base(dev,qd,pos_base,S*H,qh,c->qk_nope,R,H,c->theta)) goto done;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(l->kv_a.cuda,cd,xd,S)) goto done;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_rmsnorm_s(dev,cd,cd,w2,S,kvl,c->eps,kvl+R,kvl+R)) goto done;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_rope_base(dev,cd,pos_base,S,kvl+R,kvl,R,1,c->theta)) goto done;
    /* cache latente [T,kvl] + rot [T,R] contigue: righe vecchie da host, nuove da cd */
    if(old>0){
        if(!coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,ld_,coli_kv_row(m->Lc[layer],st0,kvl),(size_t)old*kvl*4)||
           !coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,rd,coli_kv_row(m->Rc[layer],st0,R),(size_t)old*R*4)) goto done;
    }
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_copy2d(dev,ld_+(size_t)old*kvl,kvl,cd,kvl+R,kvl,S)) goto done;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_copy2d(dev,rd+(size_t)old*R,R,cd+kvl,kvl+R,R,S)) goto done;
    /* KV host resta canonica: scarica i record nuovi (gia' normati+ropati) */
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_download(dev,cd,chost,cb)) goto done;
    for(int s=0;s<S;s++){
        memcpy(coli_kv_row(m->Lc[layer],pos_base+s,kvl),chost+(size_t)s*(kvl+R),kvl*4);
        memcpy(coli_kv_row(m->Rc[layer],pos_base+s,R),chost+(size_t)s*(kvl+R)+kvl,R*4);
    }
    if(m->kv_dev_valid[layer]>pos_base) m->kv_dev_valid[layer]=pos_base;
    m->t_aproj+=now_s()-t0; t0=now_s();
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
    /* Negativo (2026-07-13): P2P a stella dal device di casa serializza ~95MB/layer
     * sul suo link PCIe — attention 26->41-44s. Resta opt-in per topologie NVLink. */
    if(out_dev && l->n_kv_b_shard>1 &&
       getenv("COLI_CUDA_PIPE_SHARD") && atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_PIPE_SHARD"))){
        /* head-shard nel pipeline: q gia' sul device di casa. Per ogni scheda:
         * slice di q (repack strided->contiguo), broadcast latent+rope via P2P,
         * score parallelo sui rispettivi head, ctx slice riportata a casa e
         * ricomposta, poi o_proj residente. */
        int n=l->n_kv_b_shard, vh=c->v_head;
        size_t ctxb=(size_t)S*H*vh*4;
        size_t stage_one=(size_t)S*H*(size_t)(c->qk_head>vh?c->qk_head:vh)*4;
        float *ctx_full=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,16,ctxb);
        float *stage=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,17,stage_one*n);
        int ok_sh=(ctx_full&&stage)?1:0;
        if(ok_sh){
            #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) reduction(&:ok_sh)
            for(int d2=0;d2<n;d2++){
                int hn=l->shard_hn[d2], h0=l->shard_h0[d2];
                int sdev=coli_cuda_tensor_device(l->kv_b_shard[d2]);
                float *st=stage+(size_t)d2*(stage_one/4);
                size_t qsb=(size_t)S*hn*qh*4, csb=(size_t)S*hn*vh*4;
                float *qs_r=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(sdev,18,qsb);
                float *ld_r=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(sdev,19,(size_t)T*kvl*4);
                float *rr_r=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(sdev,20,(size_t)T*R*4);
                float *cx_r=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(sdev,21,csb);
                int okd=qs_r&&ld_r&&rr_r&&cx_r;
                /* slice di q: [S,H,qh] -> [S,hn,qh] contigua sul device di casa */
                okd=okd&&coli_cuda_pipe_copy2d(dev,st,hn*qh,qd+(size_t)h0*qh,H*qh,hn*qh,S);
                okd=okd&&coli_cuda_pipe_peer_copy(sdev,qs_r,dev,st,qsb);
                okd=okd&&coli_cuda_pipe_peer_copy(sdev,ld_r,dev,ld_,(size_t)T*kvl*4);
                okd=okd&&coli_cuda_pipe_peer_copy(sdev,rr_r,dev,rd,(size_t)T*R*4);
                okd=okd&&coli_cuda_attention_absorb_batch_dev(l->kv_b_shard[d2],cx_r,qs_r,ld_r,rr_r,
                        S,hn,c->qk_nope,R,vh,kvl,T,c->attn_scale);
                okd=okd&&coli_cuda_pipe_peer_copy(dev,st,sdev,cx_r,csb);
                okd=okd&&coli_cuda_pipe_copy2d(dev,ctx_full+(size_t)h0*vh,H*vh,st,hn*vh,hn*vh,S);
                ok_sh&=okd;
            }
        }
        if(ok_sh){
            ok=coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(l->o.cuda,out_dev,ctx_full,S)&&coli_cuda_pipe_sync(dev);
        } else ok=0;
        if(!ok)
            ok=coli_cuda_attention_project_batch_dev_out(l->kv_b.cuda,l->o.cuda,out_dev,qd,ld_,rd,
                S,H,c->qk_nope,R,c->v_head,kvl,T,c->attn_scale);
    } else
 #endif
    ok=out_dev?coli_cuda_attention_project_batch_dev_out(l->kv_b.cuda,l->o.cuda,out_dev,qd,ld_,rd,
            S,H,c->qk_nope,R,c->v_head,kvl,T,c->attn_scale)
              :coli_cuda_attention_project_batch_dev(l->kv_b.cuda,l->o.cuda,out,qd,ld_,rd,
            S,H,c->qk_nope,R,c->v_head,kvl,T,c->attn_scale);
    m->t_acore+=now_s()-t0;
 done:
    free(chost);                              /* gli scratch device restano al contesto */
    return ok;
 }
 #endif
 static void attention_rows(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, int pos_base,
                           KVState *const *kvs, const int *positions, float *out){
    Cfg *c=&m->c; int H=c->n_heads, D=c->hidden, qh=c->qk_head, vh=c->v_head;
@@ -1631,12 +1817,24 @@ static void attention_rows(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, int p
     * batch-union. matmul_qt_ex(...,0) keeps them on the EXACT int4 kernel: letting S>1 pull
     * them into IDOT is much faster but costs ~12% perplexity (measured). Batching alone is
     * bit-identical to upstream; the kernel switch is not. */
-    matmul_qt_ex(QR, x, &l->q_a, S, 0);
+    int pipe_done=0;
-    for(int s=0;s<S;s++){ float *qr=QR+(int64_t)s*c->q_lora;
+#ifdef COLI_CUDA
-        rmsnorm(qr, qr, l->q_a_ln, c->q_lora, c->eps); }         /* q_b legge il residuo NORMATO */
+    if(g_cuda_pipe&&!kvs&&S>=8&&layer<c->n_layers&&g_cuda_enabled&&c->kv_lora<=512&&
-    matmul_qt_ex(Q, QR, &l->q_b, S, 0);
+       !(m->has_dsa&&pos_base+S>c->index_topk)&&
-    matmul_qt_ex(comp, x, &l->kv_a, S, 0);
+       l->q_a.cuda_eligible&&l->q_b.cuda_eligible&&l->kv_a.cuda_eligible&&
-    for(int s=0;s<S;s++){
+       l->kv_b.cuda_eligible&&l->o.cuda_eligible&&
       qt_cuda_upload(&l->q_a)&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->q_b)&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->kv_a)&&
       qt_cuda_upload(&l->kv_b)&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->o))
        pipe_done=attn_pipe_prefill(m,l,layer,x,0,S,pos_base,out,NULL);
 #endif
    if(!pipe_done){
        matmul_qt_ex(QR, x, &l->q_a, S, 0);
        for(int s=0;s<S;s++){ float *qr=QR+(int64_t)s*c->q_lora;
            rmsnorm(qr, qr, l->q_a_ln, c->q_lora, c->eps); }         /* q_b legge il residuo NORMATO */
        matmul_qt_ex(Q, QR, &l->q_b, S, 0);
        matmul_qt_ex(comp, x, &l->kv_a, S, 0);
    }
    if(!pipe_done) for(int s=0;s<S;s++){
        KVState *ks=kvs?kvs[s]:m->kv;
        int pos=positions?positions[s]:pos_base+s;
        float *qfull=Q+(int64_t)s*H*qh;
@@ -1644,6 +1842,10 @@ static void attention_rows(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, int p
        const float *cs=comp+(int64_t)s*cw;
        float *Ldst=coli_kv_row(ks->Lc[layer],pos,c->kv_lora);
        float *Rdst=coli_kv_row(ks->Rc[layer],pos,c->qk_rope);
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
        if(ks==m->kv&&m->kv_dev_valid&&layer<=c->n_layers&&m->kv_dev_valid[layer]>pos)
            m->kv_dev_valid[layer]=pos;              /* riga riscritta: l'ombra si accorcia */
 #endif
        memcpy(Ldst, cs, c->kv_lora*sizeof(float));
        rmsnorm(Ldst, Ldst, l->kv_a_ln, c->kv_lora, c->eps);     /* latente normato */
        memcpy(Rdst, cs+c->kv_lora, c->qk_rope*sizeof(float));
@@ -1720,7 +1922,17 @@ static void attention_rows(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, int p
     * k/v per ogni token del contesto. Per linearita':
     *   q·k_nope_t = (W_K^hT q_nope)·L_t      ctx^h = W_V^h (Σ_t a_t L_t)
     * costo per step ~O(T·kv_lora) invece di O(T·H·(nope+vh)) del matmul kvb_all. */
-    int absorb = kvs || g_absorb==1 || (g_absorb<0 && S<=4);
+    if(pipe_done){
        free(ctx); free(Q); free(QR); free(comp);
        m->t_attn += now_s()-ta0;
        return;
    }
    int cuda_absorb=0;
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
    cuda_absorb=layer<c->n_layers&&!kvs&&g_cuda_enabled&&getenv("COLI_CUDA_ATTN")&&
                atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_ATTN"))&&c->kv_lora<=512;
 #endif
    int absorb = kvs || g_absorb==1 || (g_absorb<0 && S<=4) || cuda_absorb;
    if(absorb && c->kv_lora<=512){
        m->t_aproj+=now_s()-ta0; double tac=now_s();
        int kvl=c->kv_lora, r0v=c->qk_nope;      /* offset righe V dentro il blocco di testa */
@@ -1739,19 +1951,48 @@ static void attention_rows(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, int p
            if(nt>sc_cap) sc_cap=nt;
        }
        float *sc_all = falloc((int64_t)omp_get_max_threads()*sc_cap);
-        int cuda_core=0;
+        int cuda_core=0,cuda_projected=0;
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
-        if(S<=4&&g_cuda_enabled&&getenv("COLI_CUDA_ATTN")&&atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_ATTN"))&&
+        if(cuda_absorb&&l->n_kv_b_shard>1){
            int n=l->n_kv_b_shard,st0=m->kv_start[layer],nt=pos_base+S-st0,ok=1;
            float *qs=falloc((int64_t)S*H*qh),*cs=falloc((int64_t)S*H*vh);
            for(int d=0;d<n;d++)for(int s=0;s<S;s++)memcpy(
                qs+(int64_t)l->shard_h0[d]*S*qh+(int64_t)s*l->shard_hn[d]*qh,
                Q+((int64_t)s*H+l->shard_h0[d])*qh,(size_t)l->shard_hn[d]*qh*sizeof(float));
            #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static) reduction(&:ok)
            for(int d=0;d<n;d++)ok&=coli_cuda_attention_absorb_batch(l->kv_b_shard[d],
                cs+(int64_t)l->shard_h0[d]*S*vh,qs+(int64_t)l->shard_h0[d]*S*qh,
                coli_kv_row(m->Lc[layer],st0,kvl),coli_kv_row(m->Rc[layer],st0,c->qk_rope),
                S,l->shard_hn[d],c->qk_nope,c->qk_rope,vh,kvl,nt,c->attn_scale);
            if(ok)for(int d=0;d<n;d++)for(int s=0;s<S;s++)memcpy(
                ctx+((int64_t)s*H+l->shard_h0[d])*vh,
                cs+(int64_t)l->shard_h0[d]*S*vh+(int64_t)s*l->shard_hn[d]*vh,
                (size_t)l->shard_hn[d]*vh*sizeof(float));
            free(qs);free(cs);cuda_core=ok;
        } else if(cuda_absorb&&l->kv_b.cuda_eligible&&l->o.cuda_eligible&&
           qt_cuda_upload(&l->kv_b)&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->o)){
            int st0=m->kv_start[layer],nt=pos_base+S-st0;
            cuda_core=cuda_projected=coli_cuda_attention_project_batch(l->kv_b.cuda,l->o.cuda,out,Q,
                coli_kv_row(m->Lc[layer],st0,kvl),coli_kv_row(m->Rc[layer],st0,c->qk_rope),
                S,H,c->qk_nope,c->qk_rope,vh,kvl,nt,c->attn_scale);
        } else if(S<=4&&g_cuda_enabled&&getenv("COLI_CUDA_ATTN")&&atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_ATTN"))&&
           l->kv_b.cuda_eligible&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->kv_b)){
            cuda_core=1;
            for(int s=0;s<S&&cuda_core;s++){
                KVState *ks=kvs?kvs[s]:m->kv;int pos=positions?positions[s]:pos_base+s;
                int st0=ks->kv_start[layer],nt=pos+1-st0;
                if(dnsel&&dnsel[s]>0){cuda_core=0;break;}
-                cuda_core=coli_cuda_attention_absorb(l->kv_b.cuda,ctx+(int64_t)s*H*vh,
+                cuda_core=0;
-                    Q+(int64_t)s*H*qh,coli_kv_row(ks->Lc[layer],st0,kvl),
+                if(g_cuda_pipe&&ks==m->kv&&layer<c->n_layers&&kv_dev_sync(m,l,layer,pos+1))
-                    coli_kv_row(ks->Rc[layer],st0,c->qk_rope),H,c->qk_nope,c->qk_rope,
+                    cuda_core=coli_cuda_attention_absorb_kvdev(l->kv_b.cuda,ctx+(int64_t)s*H*vh,
-                    vh,kvl,nt,c->attn_scale);
+                        Q+(int64_t)s*H*qh,m->kv_dev_L[layer]+(size_t)st0*kvl,
                        m->kv_dev_R[layer]+(size_t)st0*c->qk_rope,H,c->qk_nope,c->qk_rope,
                        vh,kvl,nt,c->attn_scale);
                if(!cuda_core)
                    cuda_core=coli_cuda_attention_absorb(l->kv_b.cuda,ctx+(int64_t)s*H*vh,
                        Q+(int64_t)s*H*qh,coli_kv_row(ks->Lc[layer],st0,kvl),
                        coli_kv_row(ks->Rc[layer],st0,c->qk_rope),H,c->qk_nope,c->qk_rope,
                        vh,kvl,nt,c->attn_scale);
            }
        }
 #endif
@@ -1786,7 +2027,7 @@ static void attention_rows(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, int p
        }
        }
        m->t_acore+=now_s()-tac; double tao=now_s();
-        matmul_qt(out, ctx, &l->o, S); m->t_aout+=now_s()-tao;
+        if(!cuda_projected){matmul_qt(out, ctx, &l->o, S);} m->t_aout+=now_s()-tao;
        free(ctx); free(Q); free(QR); free(comp); free(sc_all);
        m->t_attn += now_s()-ta0;
        return;
@@ -1840,7 +2081,7 @@ static void attention(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, int pos_ba
 * una volta sola e moltiplicato per tutte le posizioni che lo usano (pesi letti 1 volta);
 * lo shared expert e' un unico matmul a S righe. Per posizione l'accumulo resta
 * nell'ordine (routed nel loro ordine di union, poi shared). */
-static void moe(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, float *out){
+static void moe(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, float *out, int with_shared){
    if(g_pilot_real){   /* barriera cross-layer: prendi possesso di QUESTO layer e aspetta
                         * l'eventuale load-pilota in volo sullo stesso layer (dopodiche' il
                         * worker droppa ogni nuovo load <= layer -> ecache[layer] e' stabile
@@ -1855,11 +2096,14 @@ static void moe(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, float *out){
        }
    }
    Cfg *c=&m->c; int D=c->hidden, E=c->n_experts, K=c->topk, I=c->moe_inter;
-    float *logit=falloc(E), *choice=falloc(E);
+    float *choice=falloc(E);
    int sI=c->moe_inter*c->n_shared;
    /* ---- FASE A: routing di tutte le S posizioni ---- */
    int *idxs=malloc((size_t)S*K*sizeof(int)); float *ws=malloc((size_t)S*K*sizeof(float));
    int *keff=malloc(S*sizeof(int));
    /* router in UN matmul batch: stessa matematica, via le S chiamate S=1 */
    float *logits_all=falloc((int64_t)S*E);
    int pre_routed=0; (void)pre_routed;
 #ifdef COLI_METAL
    if(g_pre_idx){                               /* routing gia' calcolata dal layer CB (GPU) */
        memcpy(idxs,g_pre_idx,(size_t)S*K*sizeof(int));
@@ -1874,11 +2118,13 @@ static void moe(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, float *out){
            }
            for(int d=0;d<D;d++) out[(int64_t)s*D+d]=0;
        }
-    } else
+        pre_routed=1;
    }
 #endif
    if(!pre_routed) matmul(logits_all, x, l->router, S, D, E);
    if(!pre_routed)
    for(int s=0;s<S;s++){
-        const float *xs=x+(int64_t)s*D;
+        float *logit=logits_all+(int64_t)s*E;
        matmul(logit, xs, l->router, 1, D, E);
        for(int e=0;e<E;e++){ logit[e]=sigmoidf(logit[e]); choice[e]=logit[e]+l->router_bias[e]; }
        int *idx=idxs+(int64_t)s*K; float *w=ws+(int64_t)s*K;
        int Ksel = g_topk>0 ? (g_topk<K?g_topk:K) : K;
@@ -1938,7 +2184,10 @@ static void moe(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, float *out){
    float *xg=falloc((int64_t)S*D), *gg=falloc((int64_t)S*I), *uu=falloc((int64_t)S*I), *hh=falloc((int64_t)S*D);
    int *rows=malloc(S*sizeof(int)); float *rw=malloc(S*sizeof(float));
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
-    int group_enabled=S<=64;
+    /* PIPE Inc.1b: il batch-union del prefill passa dai gruppi GPU — prima di
     * questo, 9343 expert in VRAM restavano INUTILIZZATI durante il prefill
     * (misurato: 81s di expert-matmul tutto su CPU, GPU groups 21ms totali). */
    int group_enabled = S<=64 || (g_cuda_pipe && S<=4096);
    float *group_x=group_enabled?falloc((int64_t)S*K*D):NULL;
    float *group_y=group_enabled?falloc((int64_t)S*K*D):NULL;
    int *group_row=group_enabled?malloc((size_t)64*S*sizeof(int)):NULL;
@@ -2174,22 +2423,43 @@ static void moe(Model *m, Layer *l, int layer, float *x, int S, float *out){
              ESlot tmp=*dst; *dst=m->ws[q]; m->ws[q]=tmp; dst->used=(uint64_t)__atomic_add_fetch(&m->eclock,1,__ATOMIC_RELAXED); }
        }
    }
-    /* ---- FASE E: shared expert, un matmul a S righe (skipped se fuso nel blocco GPU) ---- */
+    /* ---- FASE E: shared expert (PIPE2: gia' sul device; Metal CB: gia' sommata) ---- */
-    float *sg=falloc((int64_t)S*sI), *su=falloc((int64_t)S*sI);
+    if(!with_shared) goto shared_done;
    {
    float *sg=NULL,*su=NULL;int shared_cuda=0;
 #ifdef COLI_METAL
    if(g_pre_sh){ for(int64_t z=0;z<(int64_t)S*D;z++) out[z]+=g_pre_sh[z]; shared_on_gpu=1; }
    if(shared_on_gpu) shared_cuda=2;             /* gia' sommato in out: salta calcolo e add */
 #endif
-    if(!shared_on_gpu){
+#ifdef COLI_CUDA
    int shared_min=getenv("COLI_CUDA_SHARED_W4A16_MIN_ROWS")?
        atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_SHARED_W4A16_MIN_ROWS")):32;
    if(shared_min<16)shared_min=16;
    if(shared_cuda==0&&S>=shared_min&&!l->shared_w4a16_failed&&!omp_in_parallel()&&g_cuda_enabled&&
       l->sh_gate.fmt==2&&l->sh_up.fmt==2&&l->sh_down.fmt==2&&
       getenv("COLI_CUDA_SHARED_W4A16")&&atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_SHARED_W4A16"))&&
       qt_cuda_upload(&l->sh_gate)&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->sh_up)&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->sh_down)){
        shared_cuda=coli_cuda_shared_mlp_w4a16(l->sh_gate.cuda,l->sh_up.cuda,
                                               l->sh_down.cuda,hh,x,S);
        if(!shared_cuda)l->shared_w4a16_failed=1;
    }
 #endif
    if(!shared_cuda){
        sg=falloc((int64_t)S*sI);su=falloc((int64_t)S*sI);
        matmul_qt(sg, x, &l->sh_gate, S);
        matmul_qt(su, x, &l->sh_up,   S);
        for(int64_t z=0;z<(int64_t)S*sI;z++) sg[z]=siluf(sg[z])*su[z];
        matmul_qt(hh, sg, &l->sh_down, S);
        for(int64_t z=0;z<(int64_t)S*D;z++) out[z]+=hh[z];
    }
-    free(logit); free(choice); free(idxs); free(ws); free(keff); free(uniq);
+    if(shared_cuda!=2) for(int64_t z=0;z<(int64_t)S*D;z++) out[z]+=hh[z];
-    free(xg); free(gg); free(uu); free(hh); free(rows); free(rw); free(sg); free(su);
+    free(sg); free(su);
    }
 shared_done:
    free(logits_all); free(choice); free(idxs); free(ws); free(keff); free(uniq);
    free(xg); free(gg); free(uu); free(hh); free(rows); free(rw);
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
-    free(group_x); free(group_y); free(group_row); free(group_weight);
+    free(group_x);free(group_y);
    free(group_row); free(group_weight);
 #endif
 }
@@ -2393,6 +2663,65 @@ static void pilot_prefetch(Model *m, int lnext, const float *x, int S){
 }
 /* forward di UN layer (usato dai 78 principali e dal layer MTP) */
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
 /* Inc.2a — intero layer SPARSO residente sul device del layer. x_dev entra e resta;
 * lasciano il device solo: nrm post-attention (router + expert CPU + gather dei
 * gruppi), i nuovi record KV, e la nrm pre-attention sui layer con indexer DSA.
 * Ritorna 0 su errore: il chiamante ripristina lo snapshot e rifa' il layer su CPU. */
 static int pipe_layer_sparse(Model *m, Layer *l, int li, float *x_dev, int S, int pos_base,
                             float *nrm_host, float *out_host){
    Cfg *c=&m->c; int D=c->hidden, dev=l->kv_b.cuda_device;
    int sI=c->moe_inter*c->n_shared;
    size_t xb=(size_t)S*D*4;
    if(!l->sh_gate.cuda_eligible||!l->sh_up.cuda_eligible||!l->sh_down.cuda_eligible||
       !qt_cuda_upload(&l->sh_gate)||!qt_cuda_upload(&l->sh_up)||!qt_cuda_upload(&l->sh_down)||
       l->sh_gate.cuda_device!=dev||l->sh_up.cuda_device!=dev||l->sh_down.cuda_device!=dev) return 0;
    float *w_in =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,8,(size_t)D*4);
    float *w_post=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,9,(size_t)D*4);
    float *nrm_d=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,10,xb);
    float *y_d  =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,11,xb);
    float *sg_d =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,12,(size_t)S*sI*4);
    float *su_d =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,13,(size_t)S*sI*4);
    float *snap =coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,14,xb);
    if(!w_in||!w_post||!nrm_d||!y_d||!sg_d||!su_d||!snap) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_peer_copy(dev,snap,dev,x_dev,xb)) return 0;   /* snapshot per il fallback */
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,w_in,l->in_ln,(size_t)D*4)||
       !coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,w_post,l->post_ln,(size_t)D*4)) return 0;
    double ta=now_s();
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_rmsnorm(dev,nrm_d,x_dev,w_in,S,D,c->eps)) return 0;
    /* DSA: i layer con indexer FULL cachano k_idx dalla nrm pre-attention (CPU, piccolo) */
    if(m->has_dsa && li<c->n_layers && m->kv_start[li]==0 && c->idx_type[li]){
        if(!coli_cuda_pipe_download(dev,nrm_d,nrm_host,xb)) return 0;
        int nh=c->index_nh, hd=c->index_hd; (void)nh;
        for(int s=0;s<S;s++){
            int pos=pos_base+s;
            float *kd=coli_kv_row(m->kv->Ic[li],pos,hd);
            matmul_qt(kd, nrm_host+(int64_t)s*D, &m->ix_wk[li], 1);
            layernorm(kd, m->ix_knw[li], m->ix_knb[li], hd, 1e-6f);
            rope_interleave(kd, pos, c);
        }
    }
    if(!attn_pipe_prefill(m,l,li,nrm_d,1,S,pos_base,NULL,y_d)) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_add(dev,x_dev,y_d,(size_t)S*D)) return 0;         /* prima mutazione */
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_rmsnorm(dev,nrm_d,x_dev,w_post,S,D,c->eps)) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_download(dev,nrm_d,nrm_host,xb)) return 0;
    m->t_attn+=now_s()-ta;
    /* expert routed su CPU/gruppi GPU come oggi (shared saltata: la fa il device) */
    moe(m,l,li,nrm_host,S,out_host,0);
    double te=now_s();
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,y_d,out_host,xb)) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_add(dev,x_dev,y_d,(size_t)S*D)) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(l->sh_gate.cuda,sg_d,nrm_d,S)) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(l->sh_up.cuda,su_d,nrm_d,S)) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_silu_mul(dev,sg_d,su_d,(size_t)S*sI)) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(l->sh_down.cuda,y_d,sg_d,S)) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_add(dev,x_dev,y_d,(size_t)S*D)) return 0;
    if(!coli_cuda_pipe_sync(dev)) return 0;
    m->t_emm+=now_s()-te;
    return 1;
 }
 #endif
 static void layer_forward_rows(Model *m, Layer *l, int li, float *x, int S, int pos_base,
                               KVState *const *kvs, const int *positions, float *nrm, float *tmp){
    Cfg *c=&m->c; int D=c->hidden;
@@ -2459,7 +2788,7 @@ static void layer_forward_rows(Model *m, Layer *l, int li, float *x, int S, int
    if(g_pilot && S<=8 && li+1<c->n_layers && m->L[li+1].sparse) pilot_prefetch(m,li+1,x,S);
    if(g_looka && S==1 && li+1<c->n_layers && m->L[li+1].sparse) la_predict(m,li+1,x,1);
    for(int s=0;s<S;s++) rmsnorm(nrm+(int64_t)s*D, x+(int64_t)s*D, l->post_ln, D, c->eps);
-    if(l->sparse) moe(m,l,li,nrm,S,tmp); else dense_mlp(l,nrm,S,D,c->dense_inter,tmp);
+    if(l->sparse) moe(m,l,li,nrm,S,tmp,1); else dense_mlp(l,nrm,S,D,c->dense_inter,tmp);
    for(int64_t j=0;j<(int64_t)S*D;j++) x[j]+=tmp[j];
 }
 static void layer_forward(Model *m, Layer *l, int li, float *x, int S, int pos_base, float *nrm, float *tmp){
@@ -2474,13 +2803,53 @@ static void layers_forward_rows(Model *m, float *x, int S, int pos_base,
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_pilot_mx);
    }
    float *nrm=falloc((int64_t)S*D), *tmp=falloc((int64_t)S*D);
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
    /* PIPE2 (Inc.2a): il residuo resta sul device del layer, saltando tra le schede
     * ai confini di layer. x host diventa STALE finche' la residenza e' attiva. */
    float *x_dev=NULL; int x_dev_on=-1;
    size_t xb=(size_t)S*(size_t)D*4;
    int pipe2 = g_cuda_pipe>=2 && !kvs && S>=8 && g_cuda_enabled && c->kv_lora<=512 &&
                !(m->has_dsa && pos_base+S>c->index_topk);
 #endif
    for(int i=0;i<c->n_layers;i++){
        /* progresso su stderr per i batch grossi (prefill): il primo byte di risposta
         * puo' arrivare dopo MINUTI di streaming — al buio sembra un blocco. */
        if(S>=8 && (i%4==0 || i==c->n_layers-1))
            fprintf(stderr,"[prefill] layer %d/%d · %d token\n", i+1, c->n_layers, S);
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
        Layer *l=&m->L[i];
        if(pipe2 && l->sparse && i<c->n_layers &&
           l->q_a.cuda_eligible&&l->q_b.cuda_eligible&&l->kv_a.cuda_eligible&&
           l->kv_b.cuda_eligible&&l->o.cuda_eligible&&
           qt_cuda_upload(&l->q_a)&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->q_b)&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->kv_a)&&
           qt_cuda_upload(&l->kv_b)&&qt_cuda_upload(&l->o)&&
           l->q_a.cuda_device==l->kv_b.cuda_device&&l->q_b.cuda_device==l->kv_b.cuda_device&&
           l->kv_a.cuda_device==l->kv_b.cuda_device&&l->o.cuda_device==l->kv_b.cuda_device){
            int dev=l->kv_b.cuda_device, ok=1;
            float *dst=coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,15,xb);
            if(dst){
                if(x_dev_on<0) ok=coli_cuda_pipe_upload(dev,dst,x,xb);
                else if(x_dev_on!=dev){ ok=coli_cuda_pipe_peer_copy(dev,dst,x_dev_on,x_dev,xb); }
                else dst=x_dev;
                if(ok){
                    x_dev=dst; x_dev_on=dev;
                    if(pipe_layer_sparse(m,l,i,x_dev,S,pos_base,nrm,tmp)) continue;
                    /* fallback: snapshot -> host, layer rifatto sul percorso CPU */
                    coli_cuda_pipe_peer_copy(dev,x_dev,dev,coli_cuda_pipe_scratch(dev,14,xb),xb);
                    coli_cuda_pipe_download(dev,x_dev,x,xb);
                    x_dev_on=-1;
                }else x_dev_on=-1;
            }
        } else if(x_dev_on>=0){                 /* layer fuori pipe: il residuo torna a casa */
            coli_cuda_pipe_download(x_dev_on,x_dev,x,xb);
            x_dev_on=-1;
        }
 #endif
        layer_forward_rows(m,&m->L[i],i,x,S,pos_base,kvs,positions,nrm,tmp);
    }
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
    if(x_dev_on>=0) coli_cuda_pipe_download(x_dev_on,x_dev,x,xb);
 #endif
    free(nrm); free(tmp);
 }
 static void layers_forward(Model *m, float *x, int S, int pos_base){
@@ -2490,6 +2859,14 @@ static void layers_forward(Model *m, float *x, int S, int pos_base){
 static void kv_alloc(Model *m, int max_t){
    Cfg *c=&m->c;
    KVState *k=m->kv;
 #ifdef COLI_CUDA
    if(m->kv_dev_L) for(int i=0;i<c->n_layers+1;i++){    /* dimensioni cambiate: ombra da rifare */
        if(m->kv_dev_L[i]){ coli_cuda_pipe_free(m->L[i<c->n_layers?i:0].kv_b.cuda_device,m->kv_dev_L[i]); m->kv_dev_L[i]=NULL; }
        if(m->kv_dev_R[i]){ coli_cuda_pipe_free(m->L[i<c->n_layers?i:0].kv_b.cuda_device,m->kv_dev_R[i]); m->kv_dev_R[i]=NULL; }
        m->kv_dev_valid[i]=0;
    }
 #endif
    if(k->Lc){ for(int i=0;i<c->n_layers+1;i++){ free(k->Lc[i]); free(k->Rc[i]); } free(k->Lc); free(k->Rc); }
    if(k->Lc){ for(int i=0;i<c->n_layers+1;i++){
 #ifdef COLI_METAL
        if(g_metal_enabled){ coli_metal_unregister(k->Lc[i]); coli_metal_unregister(k->Rc[i]); }
@@ -2522,6 +2899,8 @@ static void kv_alloc(Model *m, int max_t){
 }
 static void kv_bind(Model *m, KVState *k){
    if(m->kv!=k && m->kv_dev_valid)                 /* ombra legata al KVState corrente */
        for(int i=0;i<m->c.n_layers+1;i++) m->kv_dev_valid[i]=0;
    m->kv=k; m->Lc=k->Lc; m->Rc=k->Rc; m->Ic=k->Ic;
    m->max_t=k->max_t; m->kv_start=k->kv_start;
 }
@@ -3034,6 +3413,7 @@ static void run_text(Model *m, const char *snap, const char *prompt, int ngen){
        repin_pass_limit(m,limit);                  /* prompt routing seeds every GPU layer */
    }
    prefill_t=now_s()-prefill_t;
    printf("PROFILO PREFILL (%.2fs):\n",prefill_t); profile_print(m,prefill_t);
    m->hits=m->miss=m->ereq=m->gpu_expert_calls=0;
    m->n_emit=m->n_fw=0;
    g_last_repin=0;
@@ -3329,6 +3709,7 @@ static void mux_done(Model *m, ServeCtx *sc, ServeReq *r){
    double dt=now_s()-r->started; if(dt<1e-6) dt=1e-6;
    double dh=(double)(m->hits-r->hits0), dm=(double)(m->miss-r->miss0);
    hwinfo_emit(m);
    usage_save(m);                       /* la cache che impara non deve aspettare l'uscita */
    tiers_emit(m);
    emap_emit(m);
    hits_emit(m);
@@ -4204,6 +4585,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv){
        if(!g_cuda_enabled){ fprintf(stderr,"[CUDA] requested backend is unavailable\n"); return 2; }
    }
    g_cuda_dense=getenv("CUDA_DENSE")?atoi(getenv("CUDA_DENSE")):0;
    g_cuda_pipe=getenv("COLI_CUDA_PIPE")?atoi(getenv("COLI_CUDA_PIPE")):0;
    const char *cuda_expert=getenv("CUDA_EXPERT_GB");
    g_cuda_expert_auto=cuda_expert&&!strcmp(cuda_expert,"auto");
    g_cuda_expert_gb=cuda_expert&&!g_cuda_expert_auto?atof(cuda_expert):0;
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
 /* Unit tests for the resident-pipeline primitives (Inc.0).
 * Each primitive is checked against the exact CPU math from glm.c.
 * Build: nvcc backend_cuda.cu tests/test_pipe_cuda.cu -o pipe_test && ./pipe_test */
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include "../backend_cuda.h"
 static uint64_t rng=0x9E3779B97F4A7C15ULL;
 static float rndf(void){ rng^=rng<<13; rng^=rng>>7; rng^=rng<<17;
    return (float)((double)(rng>>11)/9007199254740992.0*2.0-1.0); }
 static void ref_rmsnorm(float *out,const float *x,const float *w,int D,float eps){
    double ms=0; for(int i=0;i<D;i++) ms+=(double)x[i]*x[i];
    float r=1.f/sqrtf((float)(ms/D)+eps);
    for(int i=0;i<D;i++) out[i]=x[i]*r*w[i];
 }
 static void ref_rope(float *v,int pos,int R,float theta){
    int half=R/2; float in[256]; memcpy(in,v,R*sizeof(float));
    for(int j=0;j<half;j++){
        float inv=powf(theta,-2.0f*j/R);
        float ang=pos*inv, cs=cosf(ang), sn=sinf(ang);
        float a=in[2*j], b=in[2*j+1];
        v[j]=a*cs-b*sn; v[half+j]=b*cs+a*sn;
    }
 }
 static int close_enough(const float *a,const float *b,size_t n,float tol,const char *what){
    float worst=0;
    for(size_t i=0;i<n;i++){
        float d=fabsf(a[i]-b[i]), m=fabsf(b[i])>1.f?fabsf(b[i]):1.f;
        if(d/m>worst) worst=d/m;
    }
    printf("  %-14s max rel %.3e %s\n",what,worst,worst<=tol?"ok":"FAIL");
    return worst<=tol;
 }
 int main(void){
    int dev0=0;
    if(!coli_cuda_init(&dev0,1)){ puts("pipe tests: skipped (no CUDA device)"); return 0; }
    int ok=1;
    enum { S=7, D=6144, I=2048, R=64, H=4, QH=192 };
    /* rmsnorm */
    {
        float *x=(float*)malloc((size_t)S*D*4), *w=(float*)malloc(D*4);
        float *got=(float*)malloc((size_t)S*D*4), *ref=(float*)malloc((size_t)S*D*4);
        for(size_t i=0;i<(size_t)S*D;i++) x[i]=rndf()*3;
        for(int i=0;i<D;i++) w[i]=1.f+rndf()*0.1f;
        for(int s=0;s<S;s++) ref_rmsnorm(ref+(size_t)s*D,x+(size_t)s*D,w,D,1e-5f);
        float *xd=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,(size_t)S*D*4);
        float *wd=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,D*4);
        float *yd=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,(size_t)S*D*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,xd,x,(size_t)S*D*4)&&coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,wd,w,D*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_rmsnorm(0,yd,xd,wd,S,D,1e-5f)&&coli_cuda_pipe_sync(0);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_download(0,yd,got,(size_t)S*D*4);
        ok&=close_enough(got,ref,(size_t)S*D,2e-5f,"rmsnorm");
        coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,xd); coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,wd); coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,yd);
        free(x); free(w); free(got); free(ref);
    }
    /* rope on [S,H,QH] query rows, last R dims per head, plus heads=1 k_rot rows */
    {
        size_t n=(size_t)S*H*QH;
        float *v=(float*)malloc(n*4), *ref=(float*)malloc(n*4);
        int pos[S]; for(int s=0;s<S;s++) pos[s]=s*17+3;
        for(size_t i=0;i<n;i++) v[i]=rndf();
        memcpy(ref,v,n*4);
        for(int s=0;s<S;s++) for(int h=0;h<H;h++)
            ref_rope(ref+((size_t)s*H+h)*QH+(QH-R),pos[s],R,10000.f);
        float *vd=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,n*4);
        int *pd=(int*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,S*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,vd,v,n*4)&&coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,pd,pos,S*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_rope(0,vd,pd,S*H,QH,QH-R,R,H,10000.f)&&coli_cuda_pipe_sync(0);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_download(0,vd,v,n*4);
        ok&=close_enough(v,ref,n,3e-4f,"rope");
        coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,vd); coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,pd);
        free(v); free(ref);
    }
    /* silu-mul + residual add */
    {
        size_t n=(size_t)S*I;
        float *g=(float*)malloc(n*4), *u=(float*)malloc(n*4), *ref=(float*)malloc(n*4);
        for(size_t i=0;i<n;i++){ g[i]=rndf()*4; u[i]=rndf()*4; }
        for(size_t i=0;i<n;i++){ float s=g[i]/(1.f+expf(-g[i])); ref[i]=s*u[i]+u[i]; }
        float *gd=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,n*4), *ud=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,n*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,gd,g,n*4)&&coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,ud,u,n*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_silu_mul(0,gd,ud,n);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_add(0,gd,ud,n)&&coli_cuda_pipe_sync(0);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_download(0,gd,g,n*4);
        ok&=close_enough(g,ref,n,2e-5f,"silu+add");
        coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,gd); coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,ud);
        free(g); free(u); free(ref);
    }
    /* fixed-order rows_add */
    {
        float *x=(float*)calloc((size_t)S*D,4), *p=(float*)malloc((size_t)3*D*4), *ref=(float*)calloc((size_t)S*D,4);
        int rows[3]={1,4,6};
        for(size_t i=0;i<(size_t)3*D;i++) p[i]=rndf();
        for(int b=0;b<3;b++) for(int i=0;i<D;i++) ref[(size_t)rows[b]*D+i]+=p[(size_t)b*D+i];
        float *xd=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,(size_t)S*D*4);
        float *pd=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,(size_t)3*D*4);
        int *rd=(int*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,3*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,xd,x,(size_t)S*D*4)&&coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,pd,p,(size_t)3*D*4)&&coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,rd,rows,3*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_rows_add(0,xd,pd,rd,3,D)&&coli_cuda_pipe_sync(0);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_download(0,xd,x,(size_t)S*D*4);
        ok&=close_enough(x,ref,(size_t)S*D,1e-6f,"rows_add");
        coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,xd); coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,pd); coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,rd);
        free(x); free(p); free(ref);
    }
    /* device-input gemm vs host-path coli_cuda_matmul on an int4 tensor */
    {
        int O=I, K=D;
        size_t rb=(size_t)(K+1)/2;
        uint8_t *w4=(uint8_t*)malloc((size_t)O*rb);
        float *sc=(float*)malloc(O*4), *x=(float*)malloc((size_t)S*K*4);
        float *ref=(float*)malloc((size_t)S*O*4), *got=(float*)malloc((size_t)S*O*4);
        for(size_t i=0;i<(size_t)O*rb;i++) w4[i]=(uint8_t)(rng=rng*6364136223846793005ULL+1);
        for(int i=0;i<O;i++) sc[i]=0.01f+0.001f*(i%7);
        for(size_t i=0;i<(size_t)S*K;i++) x[i]=rndf();
        ColiCudaTensor *t=NULL;
        ok&=coli_cuda_matmul(&t,ref,x,w4,sc,2,S,K,O,0);   /* host path = reference */
        float *xd=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,(size_t)S*K*4);
        float *yd=(float*)coli_cuda_pipe_alloc(0,(size_t)S*O*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_upload(0,xd,x,(size_t)S*K*4);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_gemm(t,yd,xd,S)&&coli_cuda_pipe_sync(0);
        ok&=coli_cuda_pipe_download(0,yd,got,(size_t)S*O*4);
        ok&=close_enough(got,ref,(size_t)S*O,1e-6f,"gemm(dev)");
        coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,xd); coli_cuda_pipe_free(0,yd);
        coli_cuda_tensor_free(t);
        free(w4); free(sc); free(x); free(ref); free(got);
    }
    coli_cuda_shutdown();
    if(!ok){ puts("pipe tests: FAIL"); return 1; }
    puts("pipe tests: ok");
    return 0;
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # Unified user-experience benchmark: fixed scenarios, fixed decoding, medians.
 #
 # Reports, per scenario: TTFT (prefill wall), decode tok/s, and the first line
 # of the generated text (drift check). Runs each scenario REPS times and prints
 # every sample; judge by the median, not the best.
 #
 # Usage:  SNAP=/path/to/model [REPS=3] [PIPE=2] tools/bench_ux.sh [engine-binary]
 # The engine env (COLI_CUDA, PIN, ...) is inherited from the caller so the same
 # script exercises CPU-only, CUDA and pipeline configurations.
 #
 # Discipline (docs/experiments/glm52-6x5090-2026-07-12.md):
 #   - TEMP=0 DRAFT=0 always: greedy, no speculation, one variable at a time.
 #   - Same binary for every configuration under comparison.
 #   - .coli_usage drifts placement between runs: compare medians of >=3 reps,
 #     or snapshot/restore the usage file around the battery.
 set -u
 GLM="${1:-./glm}"
 REPS="${REPS:-3}"
 export TEMP=0 DRAFT=0
 [ -n "${PIPE:-}" ] && export COLI_CUDA_PIPE="$PIPE"
 SHORT_PROMPT="Explain why the sky is blue in simple terms."
 LONGDOC_PROMPT=$(python3 - <<'PY'
 base=("蜂鸟是世界上最小的鸟类之一，主要分布在美洲大陆。它们的翅膀每秒可以扇动五十到八十次，"
 "使它们能够在空中悬停、倒飞，甚至垂直起降。蜂鸟的新陈代谢极快，心跳每分钟可达一千两百次，"
 "因此它们必须不断进食来维持能量。它们的主要食物是花蜜，同时也会捕食小型昆虫和蜘蛛来补充蛋白质。"
 "蜂鸟的喙细长，适合深入花朵内部吸食花蜜，舌头呈管状，可以快速伸缩。在授粉过程中，"
 "蜂鸟扮演着重要的角色，许多美洲植物依赖蜂鸟传粉。")
 print((base*12)+"请根据上文回答：蜂鸟的主要食物是什么？")
 PY
 )
 scenario(){ # name prompt ngen
  local name=$1 prompt=$2 ngen=$3
  for r in $(seq 1 "$REPS"); do
    local log; log=$(mktemp)
    NGEN=$ngen PROMPT="$prompt" "$GLM" 64 4 4 >"$log" 2>&1
    local line; line=$(grep -aE "prefill .* decode .*tok/s" "$log" | tail -1)
    local head; head=$(grep -av "^\[" "$log" | grep -avE "PROFILE|PROFILO|ATTENTION|expert|CUDA|prefill|specul|^---|TOPP|stop|Motore|caricato|prompt:|token" \
                       | tail -1 | tr -d '\n' | cut -c1-48)
    printf "%-10s r%d  %s\n" "$name" "$r" "$line"
    printf "%-10s r%d  text: %s\n" "$name" "$r" "$head"
    rm -f "$log"
  done
 }
 echo "== bench_ux: reps=$REPS pipe=${COLI_CUDA_PIPE:-unset} $(date +%F' '%T) =="
 scenario chat     "$SHORT_PROMPT"   96
 scenario longdoc  "$LONGDOC_PROMPT" 96
 echo "== bench_ux done $(date +%T) =="
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 """Expert Atlas (#175): measure per-expert topic affinity by diffing .coli_usage
 across themed probe batches, served through a running colibri API server.
 Protocol per category: snapshot .coli_usage -> send probes -> snapshot again;
 the delta is that category's expert-activation spectrum. One engine load total.
 Output: experts.json — for every (layer, expert): counts per category,
 normalized affinity, entropy, and a "specialist" label when one topic dominates.
 Usage (server already running with the model):
    python3 tools/expert_atlas.py --api http://127.0.0.1:8000 \
        --usage /path/to/model/.coli_usage --out experts.json --ngen 64
 """
 import argparse, json, math, time, urllib.request
 PROBES = {
    "code": [
        "Write a Python function that parses a CSV file and returns a dict keyed by the first column.",
        "Explain the difference between a mutex and a semaphore, with a C example.",
        "Refactor this into idiomatic Rust: for i in range(len(xs)): total += xs[i] * 2",
    ],
    "math": [
        "Prove that the square root of 2 is irrational.",
        "Compute the derivative of x^3 * ln(x) and explain each step.",
        "A fair die is rolled 4 times. What is the probability of at least one six?",
    ],
    "chinese": [
        "请用中文解释一下什么是光合作用,以及它对地球生态系统的重要性。",
        "把这句话翻译成中文并解释语法:The early bird catches the worm.",
        "写一段关于秋天的短文,一百字左右。",
    ],
    "english_prose": [
        "Write a vivid paragraph describing an old lighthouse keeper watching a storm arrive.",
        "Summarize the plot of Romeo and Juliet in three sentences.",
        "Continue this story: The last train left the station, and Maria realized her mistake.",
    ],
    "science": [
        "Explain how mRNA vaccines work at the cellular level.",
        "Why is the sky blue during the day but red at sunset?",
        "Describe the life cycle of a massive star, from formation to supernova.",
    ],
    "law": [
        "Explain the difference between a patent, a trademark, and a copyright.",
        "What are the key elements required to form a legally binding contract?",
        "Summarize what 'due process' means in constitutional law.",
    ],
    "poetry": [
        "Write a short poem about a hummingbird in the style of Emily Dickinson.",
        "Compose a haiku about winter rain, then explain its imagery.",
        "Write four rhyming lines about the sea at night.",
    ],
    "structured": [
        'Convert to JSON: name Alice, age 30, hobbies reading and chess, address 5 Oak St.',
        "Write a SQL query returning the top 5 customers by total order value, with the schema you assume.",
        "Write a regex that matches ISO-8601 dates and explain each part.",
    ],
    "translation": [
        "Translate into French, German and Spanish: 'Knowledge is the only treasure that grows when shared.'",
        "Translate this Italian sentence to English and comment on nuance: 'In bocca al lupo per domani.'",
        "Translate into Japanese: 'The meeting has been moved to next Tuesday afternoon.'",
    ],
    "casual": [
        "Hey! Any tips for staying awake during boring afternoon meetings?",
        "What should I cook tonight? I have eggs, rice, tomatoes and some cheese.",
        "My friend is always late. How do I tell them it bothers me without being rude?",
    ],
 }
 def read_usage(path):
    counts = {}
    try:
        with open(path) as f:
            for line in f:
                p = line.split()
                if len(p) == 3:
                    counts[(int(p[0]), int(p[1]))] = int(p[2])
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass
    return counts
 def diff(after, before):
    return {k: v - before.get(k, 0) for k, v in after.items() if v - before.get(k, 0) > 0}
 def chat(api, prompt, ngen):
    body = json.dumps({"model": "glm-5.2-colibri", "stream": False, "max_tokens": ngen,
                       "messages": [{"role": "user", "content": prompt}]}).encode()
    req = urllib.request.Request(f"{api}/v1/chat/completions", data=body,
                                 headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"})
    with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=600) as r:
        json.load(r)
 def main():
    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    ap.add_argument("--api", default="http://127.0.0.1:8000")
    ap.add_argument("--usage", required=True, help="path to the model's .coli_usage")
    ap.add_argument("--out", default="experts.json")
    ap.add_argument("--ngen", type=int, default=64)
    a = ap.parse_args()
    spectra = {}
    for cat, prompts in PROBES.items():
        before = read_usage(a.usage)
        t0 = time.time()
        for p in prompts:
            chat(a.api, p, a.ngen)
        time.sleep(2)                      # let the engine flush .coli_usage
        spectra[cat] = diff(read_usage(a.usage), before)
        total = sum(spectra[cat].values())
        print(f"[{cat}] {len(spectra[cat])} experts touched, {total} selections, {time.time()-t0:.0f}s", flush=True)
    cats = list(PROBES.keys())
    experts = {}
    for cat, spec in spectra.items():
        for k, v in spec.items():
            experts.setdefault(k, {c: 0 for c in cats})[cat] = v
    atlas = {}
    for (layer, eid), counts in experts.items():
        total = sum(counts.values())
        if total < 8:
            continue                       # too few observations to characterise
        aff = {c: v / total for c, v in counts.items() if v}
        ent = -sum(p * math.log2(p) for p in aff.values())
        top = max(aff, key=aff.get)
        label = f"specialist: {top}" if aff[top] >= 0.45 and ent < 2.2 else "generalist"
        atlas[f"{layer}:{eid}"] = {"counts": counts, "affinity": {c: round(p, 3) for c, p in aff.items()},
                                   "entropy": round(ent, 2), "top": top, "label": label}
    spec_n = sum(1 for v in atlas.values() if v["label"].startswith("specialist"))
    with open(a.out, "w") as f:
        json.dump({"categories": cats, "ngen": a.ngen, "experts": atlas}, f)
    print(f"\natlas: {len(atlas)} experts characterised, {spec_n} specialists -> {a.out}")
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { BrainCircuit, Flame, Layers } from "lucide-react"
 import { endpoint } from "@/lib/api"
 interface ExpertMap { rows: number; cols: number; map: string; hits: string; seq: number }
 interface AtlasEntry { affinity: Record<string, number>; entropy: number; top: string; label: string }
 const TIER_NAME = ["Disk", "RAM", "VRAM"]
 const TIER_RGB: [number, number, number][] = [[58, 71, 80], [90, 155, 216], [78, 214, 165]]
@@ -26,11 +27,19 @@ export function Brain({ baseUrl, apiKey, connected }: { baseUrl: string; apiKey:
  const wrapRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
  const [wrapSize, setWrapSize] = useState({ w: 1200, h: 700 })
  const [data, setData] = useState<ExpertMap | null>(null)
  const [atlas, setAtlas] = useState<Record<string, AtlasEntry> | null>(null)
  const [tip, setTip] = useState<{ x: number; y: number; row: number; col: number; tier: number; heat: number } | null>(null)
  const pulseRef = useRef<Float32Array | null>(null)   // per-expert pulse intensity 0..1
  const lastSeq = useRef(0)
  const rafRef = useRef(0)
  // load the expert atlas if published (measured topic affinity, #175)
  useEffect(() => {
    fetch("/experts.json").then(r => r.ok ? r.json() : null).then(d => {
      if (d?.experts) setAtlas(d.experts)
    }).catch(() => {})
  }, [])
  // track container size for responsive cell sizing
  useEffect(() => {
    const el = wrapRef.current
@@ -146,14 +155,26 @@ export function Brain({ baseUrl, apiKey, connected }: { baseUrl: string; apiKey:
        <canvas ref={canvasRef} onMouseMove={onMove} onMouseLeave={() => setTip(null)} />
        {!connected && <p className="runtime-unavailable">Connect to the engine to see the cortex.</p>}
      </div>
-      {tip && data && (
+      {tip && data && (() => {
        const isMtp = tip.row === data.rows - 1
        const realLayer = isMtp ? 78 : tip.row + 3
        const entry = atlas?.[`${realLayer}:${tip.col}`]
        return (
        <div className="brain-tip" style={{ left: tip.x + 14, top: tip.y + 14 }}>
-          <div className="brain-tip-title"><Layers className="size-3" /> Layer row {tip.row}{tip.row === data.rows - 1 ? " (MTP)" : ""} · Expert {tip.col}</div>
+          <div className="brain-tip-title"><Layers className="size-3" /> Layer {realLayer}{isMtp ? " (MTP)" : ""} · Expert {tip.col}</div>
          <div>Tier: <strong style={{ color: ["#8b9aa3", "#5a9bd8", "#4ed6a5"][tip.tier] }}>{TIER_NAME[tip.tier]}</strong></div>
          <div>Heat: <strong>{tip.heat === 0 ? "never routed" : `~2^${tip.heat} selections`}</strong></div>
-          <div className="brain-tip-role">{depthRole(tip.row, data.rows, tip.row === data.rows - 1)}</div>
+          {entry ? <>
            <div className={entry.label.startsWith("specialist") ? "brain-tip-spec" : undefined}>
              {entry.label.startsWith("specialist") ? `⭐ Specialist: ${entry.top}` : "Generalist"}
              <small> (entropy {entry.entropy})</small>
            </div>
            <div className="brain-tip-aff">{Object.entries(entry.affinity).sort((a, b) => b[1] - a[1]).slice(0, 3)
              .map(([c, p]) => `${c} ${Math.round(p * 100)}%`).join(" · ")}</div>
          </> : <div className="brain-tip-role">{depthRole(tip.row, data.rows, isMtp)}</div>}
        </div>
-      )}
+        )
      })()}
    </div>
  )
 }
@@ -146,3 +146,8 @@ button:focus-visible, input:focus-visible, textarea:focus-visible, select:focus-
  .brain-legend { gap: 8px; font-size: 10px; }
  .brain-tip { max-width: 220px; font-size: 10px; }
 }
 /* atlas hover extras */
 .brain-tip-spec { color: var(--primary); font-weight: 700; }
 .brain-tip-spec small, .brain-tip-aff { color: #8b9aa3; font-weight: 400; }
 .brain-tip-aff { font-size: 10px; }